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Ch. 28:America on the World Stage (1899-1909)

Ch. 28:America on the World Stage (1899-1909). “I never take a step in foreign policy unless I am assured that I shall be able to eventually carry out my will by force.” -Theodore Roosevelt, 1905. I. The Philippines. Filipinos demanded their independence from the United States.

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Ch. 28:America on the World Stage (1899-1909)

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  1. Ch. 28:America on the World Stage (1899-1909) “I never take a step in foreign policy unless I am assured that I shall be able to eventually carry out my will by force.” -Theodore Roosevelt, 1905

  2. I. The Philippines • Filipinos demanded their independence from the United States. • Filipino Emilio Aguinaldo led the rebellion against U.S. troops from 1899 to his capture in 1901. • Filipinos used guerrilla style tactics, melting into the jungle if defeat was possible.

  3. I. The Philippines • American tactics: • “water cure”- form of torture where drowning was simulated • Reconcentration camps- remember these from Cuba? • Did not officially give Philippines their independence until 1946. • William H. Taft (future president) was sent as a U.S. representative. • Formed a tight bond with Filipinos, calling them his “little brown brothers.”

  4. II. China and the Open Door Policy • Europe rushing to carve out trade centers with China. America was getting concerned they will be left out. • Open Door Policy- President McKinley and Secretary of State John Hay, stated that all countries should be allowed to trade with China. Each country would receive a “sphere of influence,” or a specific part of China to trade with.

  5. III. Boxer Rebellion 1900 • In 1900, Chinese nationalists (“boxers”) began to violently throw out foreigners in what became known as the Boxer Rebellion.

  6. IV. President McKinley’s Short Second Term • Reelected in 1900 with the extremely popular Theodore Roosevelt running as Vice President. • Democrat William Jennings Bryan did not stand a chance. • McKinley shot by an anarchist in 1901. • Theodore Roosevelt becomes the youngest sitting president ever at age 42.

  7. V. Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt • Philosophy as president: • “Speak softly and carry a big stick, and you will go far” • Meaning? • Huge personality, and seen as a champion of the common people. • Did not care for courts or Congress unless they suited his interest.

  8. VI. The Panama Canal • Roosevelt viewed construction of a canal to connect the Pacific and Atlantic as vital to American power. • Why did the United States believe this? 1. Easier to defend our holdings abroad (Puerto Rico, Philippines, and Hawaii) 2. Improved trade relations for America

  9. VI. The Panama Canal • 1901- Hay Pauncefote Treaty with Britain gave the US the exclusive right to build the canal. • Panama was chosen, but it was controlled by Colombia which refused to allow American builders in. • Panamanians rebelled with the help of the U.S. (the canal would make them rich!) and won their independence.

  10. VI. The Panama Canal • Construction began on the canal in 1904 and it was completed in 1914. • Problems: • Landslides • Sanitation • Yellow fever • Work stoppages • Total cost= $400 million

  11. VII. The Roosevelt Corollary 1904 • Venezuela, Dominican Republic were behind in paying their debts back to Europe (mostly Britain and Germany). • Conflict expanded when Germans sunk two Venezuelan boats and raided a city. • Roosevelt feared this was a step toward Europeans returning to the Western Hemisphere- a violation of the Monroe Doctrine. • The Corollary said we would pay off Latin American debts to keep the Europeans out of our backyard.

  12. VII. The Roosevelt Corollary 1904 • The Roosevelt Corollary effectively made the U.S. the Policemen of the Americas. • Remember the Monroe Doctrine of 1823? • It basically said “Europe, do not intervene in the Americas.” • The Roosevelt Corollary said: • “Europe, we will intervene to keep you from intervening in the Americas.”

  13. VIII. Teddy Intervenes in Asia • In 1904, The Russo-Japanese War was close to ending with a Japanese victory, but Japan was running short on funds. • They asked TR to host peace talks. • Treaty of Portsmouth in 1905 won Teddy Roosevelt a Nobel Peace Prize… but Japan and Russia were both upset with the United States as a result.

  14. IX. The Gentlemen’s Agreement • The San Francisco school board segregated Japanese students from whites. • The Japanese were offended, and asked Teddy to mediate. • The Gentlemen’s Agreement forced the school to stop its racist policies in exchange for an end to Japanese immigration into the U.S.

  15. X. The Great White Fleet • Teddy Roosevelt sent 16 ships, painted white, to travel around the world. • Why do you think he did this? • Navy’s new slogan: “Join the Navy, see the world!”

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