Unit 2 – Day 7

1. Unit 2 – Day 7 Functional Groups

2. Functional Groups • Functional groups are groups of atoms that affect the way hydrocarbons behave. • They replace a hydrogen on the hydrocarbon. Methanol Methane

3. Organic Families • If hydrocarbons have the same functional groups, they tend to behave the same way. • For this reason, organic families of chemicals are grouped based on functional groups.

4. Organic Families

5. Organic Families

6. Alcohols • All alcohols have the hydroxyl group. • This is a polar covalent bond, which allows alcohols to be volatile liquids. • They are all toxic and flammable.

7. Naming Alcohols • We name alcohols using the same prefix and suffix system used for hydrocarbons. • The prefix indicates the number of carbons. • All alcohols end in “–anol” • We use a number to indicate which carbon has the hydroxyl group.

8. Examples: • CH3-CH2OH • CH2OH-CH2-CH2-CH3 • Draw 2-pentanol

9. Carboxylic Acids • Carboxylic acids all contain the carboxyl group. • This group easily loses its hydrogen atom in water, which makes these molecules acidic. • They are corrosive like other acids, and also volatile like organic compounds. • One example is vinegar (acetic acid)

10. Naming Carboxylic Acids • We name acids using the same system. • The prefix indicates the number of carbons. • The suffix for all carboxylic acids is “-anoic acid”. • The carboxyl group can only go on the end carbon, so no number is required.

11. Examples: • CHOOH • CH3CH2COOH • Draw butanoic acid