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The Economics of Scholarly Communications

The Economics of Scholarly Communications. Michael Jubb Director Research Information Network UKSG Conference Torquay 30-31 March 2009. Two Reports. Scope The whole research communications cycle, including cash and non-cash costs (essentially time) RIN/CEPA Journals Global

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The Economics of Scholarly Communications

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  1. The Economics of Scholarly Communications Michael Jubb Director Research Information Network UKSG Conference Torquay 30-31 March 2009

  2. Two Reports • Scope • The whole research communications cycle, including cash and non-cash costs (essentially time) • RIN/CEPA • Journals • Global • JISC/Houghton • Journals, books, reports, conference papers, data (?) • Focus on UK • Models available for others to use to test assumptions, feed in other data etc

  3. RIN/CEPA big picture: overall costs of the current system, global

  4. RIN/CEPA big picture: overall costs of the current system, UK

  5. JISC/Houghton big picture: overall costs of the current system, UK

  6. RIN/CEPA publishing and distribution costs, global

  7. RIN/CEPA publishing and distribution costs, UK

  8. JISC/Houghton publishing and distribution costs, UK

  9. How are these costs being met? • publishing and distribution • see next slide • access • costs met by libraries and those who fund them • search, download and reading • costs met by researchers and those who employ them

  10. Meeting the costs of publication and distribution, globally (RIN/CEPA) • estimates for the system as a whole • differences for different types/categories of journal

  11. UK contribution to meeting publishing and distribution costs (RIN/CEPA)

  12. UK contribution to meeting publishing and distribution costs (JISC/Houghton)

  13. So what? • RIN role to question how efficient and effective are the information services and resources provided for and used by the UK research community • Clearer picture of where major costs arise, and how they are funded, enables us to • focus attention on key areas where cost efficiencies are most likely to arise (eg peer review??) • analyse the balance of trade between different sectors and different countries (eg UK or EU contribution) • develop scenarios of possible changes, and model their impacts both on costs and on how/where those costs are met

  14. change over next ten years transition to e-only transition to author-side payment purpose is to model possible changes in costs funding flows benefits changes all expressed in £s; but distinguish between cash costs opportunity costs impact and return on investment Three scenarios

  15. Increases in research funding and article production over 10 years: costs • Publishing and distribution costs • Real terms increase of £1.6bn (25%)

  16. Increases in research funding and article production over 10 years: funding • Sources of funding and other contributions

  17. E-only journal publication, global ~£1bn cost savings, split between • publishing/distribu-tion (~5% reduction) • access provision (~36% reduction)

  18. E-only journal publication, UK • Publishing and distribution of UK-authored articles • cost savings to publishers of between £21m (RIN) and £45m (JISC) • 7-13% of publishing costs • assume some of those savings passed on to UK (and overseas) libraries and other subscribers • Costs for UK libraries in providing access to global journals and articles • cost savings of between £23m (RIN) and £34m (JISC) • 33-48% of access costs • offset by small rise in user print costs • VAT increase c £5m

  19. Open access publishing, global

  20. Open access publishing, UK: costs • Publishing and distribution of UK-authored articles • further cost savings to publishers of between £18m (RIN) and £93m (JISC) • 6-28% of publishing costs • assume some of those savings passed on UK (and overseas) research authors and funders • Costs for UK libraries in providing access to global journals and articles • further cost savings of between £9m (RIN) and £11m (JISC) • 13-16% of access costs

  21. Open access publishing, UK: funding • savings for UK libraries of c £120m • offset by increases for HEIs and other research institutions of between £213m (RIN) and £172m (JISC) in publication fees • differentials between institutions • transition costs

  22. Summary cost changes for the UK

  23. Some key messages • Publishing, distributing and providing access to serials are pivotal, but only part of the scholarly communications system • c5% of the overall costs • Much larger costs incurred by readers in search, download and reading • Costs (cash and time) are met overwhelmingly by the HE sector • Risk that costs will continue to rise in real terms • Scope for cash savings, and for improvements in efficiency and effectiveness, across the system • and they are not just, or mainly in publication, distribution and access

  24. Thank you Michael Jubb Research Information Network www.rin.ac.uk Activities, costs and income flows report available at http://www.rin.ac.uk/costs-funding-flows model at http://www.rin.ac.uk/rin-model/ Economic Implications of Alternative Scholarly Publishing Models report available at http://www.jisc.ac.uk/publications/publications/economicpublishingmodelsfinalreport.aspx model at http://www.cfses.com/EI-ASPM/SCLCM-V7/

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