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Fusion Energy – FAQ Seppo Karttunen – personal views

Fusion Energy – FAQ Seppo Karttunen – personal views. Is fusion safe ? Radioactive waste in fusion ? Some further remarks Fusion versus fission Cost of fusion energy ? F usion energy – when ?. Is fusion safe ?. Yes , fusion is inherently safe - no power runaway ,

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Fusion Energy – FAQ Seppo Karttunen – personal views

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  1. Fusion Energy – FAQ Seppo Karttunen – personalviews • Is fusionsafe? • Radioactivewaste in fusion? • Somefurtherremarks • Fusionversus fission • Cost of fusionenergy? • Fusionenergy – when?

  2. Is fusionsafe? • Yes, fusion is inherentlysafe- no powerrunaway, • lowafter-heat, no greenhousegasemissions, just He • but ….. • Tritium issues- T-breeding, fuelcycle & T-handling- T contamination, dust- T cleaning- neutronactivation • Magnets, powersources, … Seppo Karttunen, "Fusion Energy - FQA", Euratom-Tekes Annual Seminar 2012, Tartu, Estonia

  3. Radioactivewaste in fusion? • Fusionprocessdoesnotproduceradioactivity- He is stable- Fusionneutronsmayactivatein-vesselmaterials- hugeamount of waste (activatedstructures) • Waste issue is notinherent for fusionbutrather a materialquestion • - ITER grade SS is horrible- Eurofer and ODS SS development for DEMO- SS recyclingtime 100 – 1000 years ??? Seppo Karttunen, "Fusion Energy - FQA", Euratom-Tekes Annual Seminar 2012, Tartu, Estonia

  4. Somefurtherremarks • Structuralmaterials – a though mission- 150 dpa (ITER ~ a fewdpa, DEMO ~ 50 dpa)- He production -> swelling (> 5 MeVneutrons)- low /shortlivedactivation – recyclingafter 100 y • Helium is notforever!- Helium for SC magnetsextractedfromnaturalgas- Gas is notforever, butrather for next 50-100 y- Development of hightemperature SC magnetsneeded Seppo Karttunen, "Fusion Energy - FQA", Euratom-Tekes Annual Seminar 2012, Tartu, Estonia

  5. Neutronloading Seppo Karttunen, "Fusion Energy - FQA", Euratom-Tekes Annual Seminar 2012, Tartu, Estonia

  6. Fusionversus Fission Verymuch a national issue - In Germany fusioncommunitywants to make a cleardifferencebetweenfusion and fission - ”plasma” fusionratherthan ”nuclear” fusion- for greensbothfusion and fission arebad- In France (Finland) wetry to support fission as a goodCarbonfreeenergy option- Fusion is the ultimateform of nuclearenergywhichreplaces fission gradually in next 100-200years- fusionversusbreedersmaybe an issue Seppo Karttunen, "Fusion Energy - FQA", Euratom-Tekes Annual Seminar 2012, Tartu, Estonia

  7. Cost of fusionenergy? • Definitelymoreexpensivethanpresentfossilfuels and nuclearbutlikelycheaperthansolarelectricity • High capital costmaypose a problem • Cost of fusionenergyverysensitive to availability • Energy marketsafter 2050 is probablyverydifferentfrom the currentsituation as fossilfuelsareexhausting and gettingmoreexpensive • Fusionmaywellbecompetative Seppo Karttunen, "Fusion Energy - FQA", Euratom-Tekes Annual Seminar 2012, Tartu, Estonia

  8. Fusionenergy - when? • ”Famous 50 years” • Three scenarios: disaster, pessimistic and optimistic • Disaster: ITER fails, fusionresearchreturnsback to Universities to look for alternativeapproaches • Pessimistic:ITER meetsitsgoalsbutdelays, DEMO startoperationlate 2050s producingsomeelectricity • Optimistic: ITER meetsitsobjectives in schedule, DEMO startsearly 2040s with electricitylate 2040s. • Commercial fusionearliest 15-20 yearsafter DEMO success. Seppo Karttunen, "Fusion Energy - FQA", Euratom-Tekes Annual Seminar 2012, Tartu, Estonia

  9. LevArtsimovich: "When the mankind needs it – or maybe a short time before that." Seppo Karttunen, "Fusion Energy - FQA", Euratom-Tekes Annual Seminar 2012, Tartu, Estonia

  10. Seppo Karttunen, "Fusion Energy - FQA", Euratom-Tekes Annual Seminar 2012, Tartu, Estonia

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