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The Ottoman Empire & Egypt: 1750-1900

The Ottoman Empire & Egypt: 1750-1900. Ottoman Reforms and the European Model. End of 18 th c. Sultan Selim III Reforms : military, government, taxes, land Not popular with certain groups Janissary revolt in Serbia (1805) (1806) Selim suspends reform program

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The Ottoman Empire & Egypt: 1750-1900

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  1. The Ottoman Empire & Egypt: 1750-1900

  2. Ottoman Reforms and the European Model • End of 18th c. Sultan SelimIII • Reforms : military, government, taxes, land • Not popular with certain groups • Janissary revolt in Serbia (1805) • (1806) Selim suspends reform program • Too late -> massive uprising -> Selim executed • Greek independence (1829) • Serbian independence (1867)

  3. Ottoman Reforms and the European Model • Sultan Mahumud II – further reforms • Abdul Mejid introduces Tanzimat (restructuring) reforms in 1839 • Military • Education • Language • Clothing • Public rights (men vs. women)

  4. Crimean War • Russia expands southward • Alliance between GB, Fr, Ottoman Empire defeat Russia • C. War leads to military reform for all combatants – traditional to modern warfare

  5. Ottoman Empire Compromised • Ottoman continue to follow European model • Ottoman face economic problems • Concerns that Ottoman is no longer Islamic • Young Ottoman/Young Turks take power • Work to make Turkish national state in place to Ottoman empire • 1876 Constitution adopted • 1908 coup • Ottoman continues its slow decline until 1922 (after WWI)

  6. Egypt • Egypt • Napoleon's Withdraws (1789) • Muhammad Ali comes to power • Modernizes Egypt • Khedives • Responses to the West

  7. Egypt The Suez Canal in 1875, six years after it opened • The Suez Canal • Shares in the canal held by France, Egypt • Britain buys out Egypt’s interest • Egyptian financial crisis • 1882 uprisings • British invade and occupy Egypt

  8. European Control of Africa By 1914, only two African nations remained independent

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