Supporting rapid design and evaluation of pervasive application: challenges and solutions

1. Supporting rapid design and evaluation of pervasive application: challenges and solutions Lei Tang1,2, Zhiwen Yu1, Xingshe Zhou1, Hanbo Wang1, Christian Becker2 • School of Computer, Northwestern • Polytechnical University • 2. University of Mannheim Personal and Ubiquitous Computing 2011

2. Outline • Introduction • Designing Challenges • User-centered prototyping technique • Rapid prototyping toolkits • Open issues • Conclusions

3. Introduction

4. Build a Good Application (1/3) "core technical workability" "value for end-users"

5. Building a Good Application (2/3) Good Application Design Evaluate

6. Building a Good Application (3/3)

7. Problem It is very difficultto predict how users will react when designing a service. High costin a design process

8. Problem It is very difficultto predict how users will react when designing a service. High costin a design process Rapid Prototype Tools

9. Rapid Prototype Tools Which one?

10. Contribution: Survey Tools • Classifying design challenges • Overview of prototyping techniques • Presenting several open issues

11. Designing Challenges

12. Designing Challenges • User and task analysis in uneven environment • Tracking user intent for implicit interaction • Long-term, in situ design evaluations

13. Userand task analysis in uneven environment • Uncertainty in user analysis • Mixed task analysis Past Future Now

14. Tracking user intent for implicit interaction Implicit interaction How to track user intent?

15. Long-term, in situ design evaluations How to find the appropriate way for the evaluation?

16. User-centered prototyping technique

17. User-centered prototyping technique • Design cycle with prototypes • Prototyping techniques

18. Design cycle with prototypes

19. User-centered prototyping technique • Design cycle with prototypes • Prototyping techniques

20. Design cycle with prototypes • Construct prototypes rapidly • Remove inessential elements • Construct prototypes for a particular purpose

21. Design cycle with prototypes • Construct prototypes rapidly • Find out design issues • Rapid, incremental,reversible • Identify particular purposes and prioritize features • Remove inessential elements • Construct prototypes for a particular purpose

22. Design cycle with prototypes • Construct prototypes rapidly • Remove inessential elements • Avoid unnecessary design • Evaluate in early design stage • Remove unnecessary features • Construct prototypes for a particular purpose

23. Design cycle with prototypes • Construct prototypes rapidly • Remove inessential elements • Construct prototypes for a particular purpose • capture the user’s intent from the interaction experience (when, where, how) • test the design for usability

24. Design cycle with prototypes • Construct prototypes rapidly • Remove inessential elements • Construct prototypes for a particular purpose • capture the user’s intent from the interaction experience (when, where, how) • test the design for usability

25. User-centered prototyping technique • Design cycle with prototypes • Prototyping techniques

26. Prototyping techniques • Paper prototyping • Wizard of Oz prototyping • Experience prototyping • Storyboard prototyping • Form builder prototyping • Functional component prototyping

27. Prototyping techniques • Paper prototyping • Create “mockups” of UIs • Testing/evaluating usability and idea rapidly • Wizard of Oz prototyping • Experience prototyping • Storyboard prototyping • Form builder prototyping • Functional component prototyping

28. Prototyping techniques • Paper prototyping • Wizard of Oz prototyping • Simulate system response in real time, and observes user actions • Challenge : build two interfaces (user and wizard) • Experience prototyping • Storyboard prototyping • Form builder prototyping • Functional component prototyping

29. Prototyping techniques • Paper prototyping • Wizard of Oz prototyping • Experience prototyping • Designers experience prototype themselves • Diary studies for designers • Storyboard prototyping • Form builder prototyping • Functional component prototyping

30. Prototyping techniques • Paper prototyping • Wizard of Oz prototyping • Experience prototyping • Storyboard prototyping • Sequence of screens, and show feedback effects • Disadvantage: hard to evaluate user’s reactions. • Form builder prototyping • Functional component prototyping

31. Prototyping techniques • Paper prototyping • Wizard of Oz prototyping • Experience prototyping • Storyboard prototyping • Form builder prototyping • A Tool for drawing real, working interface by dragging widget on a window • Functional component prototyping

32. Prototyping techniques • Paper prototyping • Wizard of Oz prototyping • Experience prototyping • Storyboard prototyping • Form builder prototyping • Functional component prototyping • Basic elements from a broad range of research • Provide simple API for prototyping applications

33. Rapid prototyping toolkits

34. Rapid prototyping toolkits • Design-focused toolkits • Evaluation-focused toolkits • Summary

35. Rapid prototyping toolkits • Design-focused toolkits • Evaluation-focused toolkits • Summary

36. Design-focused toolkits • Prediction-based user analysis • Cyber-physical task analysis • Representation of user intent • Description of application semantics

37. Design-focused toolkits • Prediction-based user analysis • Predict users’ performance by task records • Cyber-physical task analysis • Representation of user intent • Description of application semantics

38. Design-focused toolkits • Prediction-based user analysis • Cyber-physical task analysis • Main task -> subtasks • Subtasks analysis • Representation of user intent • Description of application semantics

39. Design-focused toolkits • Prediction-based user analysis • Cyber-physical task analysis • Representation of user intent • Event, condition, action • User preferences • Description of application semantics

40. Design-focused toolkits • Prediction-based user analysis • Cyber-physical task analysis • Representation of user intent • Description of application semantics • Demonstration with state graph • Demonstration with storyboard • Visual programming

41. Rapid prototyping toolkits • Design-focused toolkits • Evaluation-focused toolkits • Testing in simulation environment • In situ evaluation – Woz • Summary

42. Rapid prototyping toolkits • Design-focused toolkits • Evaluation-focused toolkits • Summary

43. Summary • The context-aware application can be simulated • Device, behavior, long-term user activities • Location context => map based interface • Based on current infrastructure • CAMP is built on top of the INCA Infrastructure • Visual-RDK is built on an context server • CRN Toolbox is built on KNN classifier algorithm

44. Summary • One Prototype Tool => Solve different needs • Understanding user experience • Groping for better design • Simulate complex sensor input • User-friendly interface for designing and testing • Mouse-driven, drag-and-drop interaction

45. Open issues

46. Open issues • Simulating pervasive environment • Description of context-awareness • Demonstrating application semantics • Robust debugging environment • Logging test data • Integrating the design process • Field deployment • Evaluation criteria

47. Conclusion

48. Conclusion