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I. How the Bible Came to Be

Religion 1 Kilbridge. I. How the Bible Came to Be. Presentation Outline. Inspiration Theories Stages of Development Documentary Hypothesis. A. Inspiration Theories. Divine Dictation (writer is robot) Negative Assistance (Holy Spirit= watchdog) Positive Assistance (H.S. & writer= team)

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I. How the Bible Came to Be

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  1. Religion 1 Kilbridge I. How the Bible Came to Be

  2. Presentation Outline • Inspiration Theories • Stages of Development • Documentary Hypothesis

  3. A. Inspiration Theories • Divine Dictation (writer is robot) • Negative Assistance (Holy Spirit= watchdog) • Positive Assistance (H.S. & writer= team) • This is the Roman Catholic Church’s position • How does God work in your life?

  4. B. Stages of Development • Life Event • Oral Tradition -stories, spoken word, laws… • Written Tradition (1000 – 100 BC/BCE) • Redaction - gathering, ordering, editing of oral and written material; includes writing original material (ca. 700-100 BC/BCE)

  5. C. Documentary Hypothesis • Moses’ authorship questioned. • An attempt to explain inconsistencies in style and vocabulary and the existence of repetitions (doublets). • Julius Wellhausen, 1877 • The Redactors/Sources of the Pentateuch… 1. Jahwist (J) 2. Elohist (E) 3. Deuteronomist (D) 4. Priest (P)

  6. 1. Jahwist (J) • 922-722 BC/BCE; Judah (Southern Kingdom) • God referred to as YHWH(trans: LORD God) • Characteristics: 1. vivid storytelling 2. anthropomorphisms in depicting God (Gen. 2:7, 21; 3:8, 21; 7: 16; 8:21) 3. Theme of divine promise and its fulfillment Patriarchal Promise = land, descendents, blessing

  7. 2. Elohist (E) • 922-722 BC/BCE; Israel (Northern Kingdom) Bethel (Gen. 28:17, 19) • God = Elohim (plural!) initially. YHWH after Burning bush episode. • Characteristics: 1. God communicates through dreams & messengers 2. prophesy plays an important role 3. morality; faith & fear are proper responses to God. (Rudolph Otto – MysteriumTremendum et Fascinans)

  8. 3. Deuteronomist (D) • 600s and Exile; Judah and Babylon • The “Book of the Law” mentioned in 2Kings 22:8 on which Josiah based reforms? • Characteristics: 1. restricted to Deuteronomy (and subsequent books up to 2 Chronicles) 2. Speeches of Moses urging obedience to Law or Torah. 3. Pattern: sin, punishment, repentance and forgiveness.

  9. 4. Priest (P) • 550 -400 BCE; Jerusalem, Judah (The dating of P is debated – some placing it between 722 and 587) • God = Elohim (a remote God) • Characteristics: 1. Israelite cult and ritual - laws: Passover, tabernacle… - Aaron’s significant role as head of Levites 2. Command to multiply and populate the world (fertility and spread out) (Gen. 1:28) - genealogies (toledot = generations) - covenants 3. Final Redactor of early material (Genesis) - periodizes history using covenant and toledot

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