Ron Sega Woodward Professor of Systems Engineering Colorado State University (CSU)

1. A Systems Approach to Energy 2009 EGSA Fall Technical& Marketing Conference Ron Sega Woodward Professor of Systems Engineering Colorado State University (CSU) Vice President for Energy, Environment and Applied Research Colorado State Research Foundation (CSURF)

7. Government Background • Director of Defense Research and Engineering (DDR&E) • Investments in Energy and Power Technologies • Under Secretary of the Air Force • Energy Strategy and Implementation (Supply, Demand, Culture)

8. Director of Defense Research and Engineering, Department of Defense • Three areas of Increased Emphasis • National Aerospace Initiative • Surveillance and Knowledge Systems • Energy and Power Technologies • Technical Systems Reviews • Technology Readiness Assessments • Task Force support to Systems Development • Workforce Initiative • DUSD (Laboratories and Basic Sciences) • National Defense Education Program (NDEP)

9. POWER GENERATION • Fuel Cells & Fuel Reforming • Novel Power FUEL CELL Energy & Power Technologies… - Enabling a More Electric Force More Electric Aircraft Electric Warship ENERGY STORAGE Space Based Radar Power Needs • Batteries • Capacitors High Power Microwave POWER CONTROL AND DISTRIBUTION FY02 FY12 • Switching & Conditioning • Power Transmission & Distribution • Thermal Management New Operational Capabilities Warrior Electric/Hybrid Weapons Hybrid/Electric Combat Vehicle

10. Under Secretary of the Air Force • Space • Department of Defense Executive Agent for Space • Back to Basics in Acquisition and the Block Approach • Systems Engineering • Workforce • Research and Development • Alignment with Needs and Redistribution of Risk • Stability in Basic Research • Energy • “Make Energy a Consideration in All We Do” • Energy Strategy (Supply and Demand – with Metrics)

11. AF Energy Strategy- Addressing Supply & Demand “Make Energy a Consideration in All We Do” • Accelerate development and use of “Alternative” sources • Synthetic Fuel for Aviation • Renewable Energy for Installations • Enhance energy efficiency -- aviation and infrastructure • Promote a culture where Airmen conserve energy

12. Examples of Air Force Energy Initiatives in the United States Demonstrate H2 Production & Military Fuel Cell Vehicle Grand Forks AFB, ND Synthetic Fuels Research, Air Force Research Lab, WPAFB, OH Fuel Cell/Electric Warehouse Tractor Selfridge ANGB, MI 14MW Photovoltaic generation, Nellis AFB, NV B-52 SynFuel Flight Demo, Edwards AFB, CA Wind generation farm, FE Warren AFB, WY Low Speed Vehicles Shaw AFB, SC 122 KW Photovoltaic project, Luke AFB, AZ Waste energy and ice plant, Dyess AFB, TX Advanced Power Technology Office, Robins AFB, GA Air Force Energy Office, Tyndall AFB, FL Center of Excellence Demonstration Sites

13. B-52 Initial Flight Test of Synthetic Fuel/JP-8 Blend - Flight Crew (September 19, 2006)

14. AF Energy Strategy - Senior Focus Group • Coordinated and developed various programs to improve supplyanddemand aspects of energy -- Established goals and metrics to manage progress. • Improved efficiency in aviation and infrastructure operations and invested in more energy efficient future systems. • Infrastructure: Energy Savings / Cost Avoidance – 100,000 homes • Aviation: 9% reduction in flying hours, 7% reduction in jet fuel used • Encouraged use of alternative sources of energy for infrastructure and aviation applications(AF uses approx. 2.5 billion gallons of fuel annually) • Infrastructure: Was the nation’s largest single purchaser of renewable energy in FY05 (approx. one million megawatt-hours in FY05 and FY06) • Aviation: Supported synthetic fuel activities (currently exploring biofuel) --First B-52 test fight of a 50/50 blend of synthetic fuel and JP-8 in September 2006 – certified in August 2007

15. Organizational Awards Received by the Air Force (2005-2007) • Green Power Partner of the Year Award -- Department of Energy (DOE) / Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) • Climate Protection Award -- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) • Stratospheric Ozone Protection Award -- United Nations Environmental Programme and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency • Presidential Award for Leadership in Federal Energy Management -- To U.S. Air Force Energy Strategy Senior Focus Group

16. CSU Emphasis in Energy and the Environment • Consistent with CSU’s Mission as a Land Grant Institution • Applications to our Community, Region, and Nation • Areas of Energy and Environmental Focus: - Education - Innovation - Supply - Demand - Management Always Consider Energy, Environment and the Community 16

17. CSU Extension Districts 17

18. Systems Engineering • Trend toward increasing complexity of systems • Aerospace, Energy, Environment, Health Care, etc. • Needs of industry and government • National Surveys • Recent Colorado Industry and Government Survey • Systems engineering education at CSU • Undergraduate emphasis on systems approach • Master of Engineering in Systems Engineering began Fall 2008 • Future graduate degrees to emphasize energy systems

19. M.S. and Ph.D. in Systems Engineering- Energy Systems Emphasis • In the approval process • Complimentary to the new School of Global Environmental Sustainability • Optimizing alignment with: • Faculty interests • Global trends/needs • Clean Energy Supercluster strengths in “Energy Systems” • Collaboratory “Energy Systems” strengths • Government Interests • Industry partner interests

20. Clean Energy Supercluster >100 Faculty members from all 8 Colleges at CSU 20

21. Engines and Energy Conversion Lab - Algae-Derived Transportation Fuels 21

22. Strategic Innovation- Algae to Biofuels Example • Based on 20-year history of algae research at NREL’s Aquatic Species Program • High production rates + carbon “sequestration” (offsets) potentials • Highly multi-disciplinary team: • Engineering • Natural Sciences • Business • Agricultural Sciences • Solix Biofuels – CSU Spin-off Company

23. Developing High Yield Energy Crops • Improved and adapted biomass and bioenergy plants • Oil seeds – Soy Beans, Sunflower, Brown Mustard, Canola, and Camelina • Cellulosic sources – Switchgrass, Miscanthus, Wheat straw, and Corn stalks. • Semi-arid systems • Acceptable to growers and industry • Sustainable production system • Minimal Water and Energy Inputs • Minimize Impact on Food and Fiber Costs • Economic Viability • Environmentally Sound

24. Distribution / Controls Technologies Engines and Energy Conversion Lab 24

25. East Coast blackout, 2003 Grid Simulation Laboratory- Integrid • World’s only megawatt-scale physical grid simulation capability. • Tests and validates computer simulations with actual physical system dynamics when renewable generation sources (e.g., wind and solar) and other forms of distributed generation and loads are integrated into the electric power grid. • Will reduce the US electric grid’s vulnerability to blackouts and potential attacks. • Partnership with Spirae - a Colorado business, CSU’s Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory, and the Northern Colorado Clean Energy Cluster.

26. “FortZED” – Zero Energy District • “Research, Development and Demonstration of a Coordinated and Integrated System of 3.5 MW of Mixed Distributed Resources in Fort Collins, Colorado, to Achieve a 20-30% Peak Load Reduction of Multiple Distribution Feeders” – DoE funded proposal ($6.5M + $5M) • Modernize and transform the electrical distribution system • Improved efficiency and reliability • Demonstration includes aggregation of distributed energy resources (DER) from approximately 5 participant locations • Duration: May 2008 – April 2010 26

27. Rocky Mountain Secure Smart GridInitiative (RMSSGI)- Multi-Utility, Multi-Objective FE Warren AFB Ft. Collins / FCU Windsor / PV REA Boulder / Xcel Aurora / Xcel Buckley AFB US AF Academy CO Springs / CSU Peterson AFB Fort Carson

28. Rocky Mountain Secure Smart GridInitiative (RMSSGI) – TransGrid Concept Transmission Pacificorp Xcel PRPA TriState Xcel CS Utilities Black Hills Inter-Utility Smart Grid Communication Network Cheyenne L&P Xcel CS Utilities PVREA FC Utilities Distribution 1 2 3 4 Smart Grid Projects Air Force Academy F.E. Warrren AFB FortZED SmartGridCity 5 TransGrid Transportation

29. Concept for an Integrated NationalSecure Smart Grid Test Center Rocky Mountain Secure Smart Grid “Test Bed” National Model • Standards • Best Practices • Security Models • Business Models • Benefits • Scaling Strategies • Policy/Regulatory Requirements • R&D Opportunities NREL DER Lab InteGrid Lab Own-Operate Host Partners Design-Build Universities and National Labs Smart Grid Analytics and Training Center Tech Partners

30. Two-Cycle Engine and Cookstoves Engines and Energy Conversion Lab 30

31. Commercializing “Clean” Technology- EnviroFit Example • EECL developed a retrofit technology to reduce emissions from 2-stroke engines by 90% • Created Envirofit International, a 501(c)(3) to disseminate in Asia • Award Winning - Named by Stanford Review of Innovation (Summer ‘06) as “one of 10 companies most likely to create significant global social change” • Other international projects in Europe, Asia, Africa, Latin America

32. Developing & Improving Wind Energy- Maxwell Ranch • The university, already a worldwide leader in developing and disseminating clean and renewable energy solutions, has committed to developing the CSU Green Power Project, a wind farm in northern Colorado that will generate more power than the university consumes. The project - to be completed within eight years – will serve as a unique outdoor laboratory for researchers across campus in areas ranging from clean energy technology development to a variety of related environmental impact studies.

33. The Institute for 21st Century Energy- An Open Letter to the 44th President of the United States and the 111th U.S. Congress

34. Institute for 21st Century Energy- Blueprint Roll-Out Event September 2008

35. U.S. Chamber's Energy Institute Releases Blueprint for Securing America's Energy Future* FORT COLLINS, CO - General James L. Jones, USMC (Ret.), president and CEO of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce's Institute for 21st Century Energy, today unveiled a comprehensive blueprintfor securing America's energy future at Colorado State University (CSU).  With more than 75 policy recommendations, the blueprint is a thorough and compelling framework for the next president and Congress to adopt as a balanced and comprehensive energy strategy.  Following a tour of CSU's Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory, General Jones joined U.S. Senator Wayne Allard and CSU Vice President of Energy, the Environment, and Applied Research Ron Sega to deliver remarks to students, faculty, and regional business leaders.  "With a challenge this great and urgent, we must encourage new partnerships, like those taking place in Colorado, that bring together the best of government, industry, and academia to create cutting-edge technology solutions to our long-term challenges," Gen. Jones said.  "The blueprint's 75 policy recommendations for America's forthcoming political leadership aim to transform energy challenges into energy opportunities; unleash the power of America's vast resources and innovation, and generate new supplies, new technologies, and new American jobs."  *http://www.energyxxi.org/xxi/newsroom/pr_080930.htm

36. The Institute’s Blueprint Rollout Event- September 30, 2008 in Fort Collins, Colorado • General James L. Jones, USMC (Ret.), President and CEO, Institute for 21st Century Energy, U.S. Chamber of Commerce • Wayne Allard, U.S. Senator (R-CO) • Renny Fagan, State Director, Office of U.S. Senator Ken Salazar (D-CO) • Robert McGrath, Deputy Laboratory Director for Science and Technology, National Renewable Energy Laboratory • Thomas Gendron, Chairman, CEO and President, Woodward • Ron Bills, CEO and Chairman, Envirofit International • Doug Henston, CEO, Solix Biofuels, Inc. • Ron Sega, Woodward Professor of Systems Engineering (CSU), and Vice President of Energy, Environment and Applied Research (CSURF) Above: Gen. James Jones and Dr. Ron Sega

37. Concluding Thoughts “We owe our current prosperity, security, and good health to the investments of past generations, and we are obliged to renew those commitments in education, research, and innovation policies to ensure that the American people continue to benefit from the remarkable opportunities provided by the rapid development of the global economy and it’s not inconsiderable underpinning in science and technology.” Reference: Rising Above The Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future, National Academy of Sciences, 2005

38. Backup

39. Strategic Partnerships • CSU is a leader in developing clean energy technologies and global solutions. • CSU is working to get these new energy technologies into production by partnering with government, not-for-profit entities, and corporate and philanthropic partners locally, regionally, nationally, and across the world. • Because of its unique research and technology transfer and commercialization capabilities, CSU will be a strong Colorado Renewable Energy Collaboratory partner. • Colorado is positioned to be the leader in the new energy economy. • The potential global benefits are huge.

40. Colorado Renewable Energy Collaboratory • A research collaboration of: • National Renewable Energy Laboratory • Colorado School of Mines • Colorado State University • University of Colorado at Boulder • The Collaboratory works with public and private partners to: • Create and commercialize renewable energy technologies • Build a clean, sustainable renewable energy economy for Colorado, the region, the nation and the world • Educate future scientists and engineers and train the renewable energy workforce. 40

41. NREL CU CSU CSM Private Sector Center of Excellence - Energy Efficiency and Management Collaboratory: Efficiency Education Community Workforce Storage Batteries Fly wheels Pumped Hydro Transmission & Distribution Smart Grid FortZED Boulder Smart Grid City Efficiency Building Materials & Systems Solar Decathlon Engines Security Robust and Reliable

42. Education • Increasing the students’ Awareness of Energy and the Environment • Extending “CSU Extension Service” to Include Energy and the Environment • Increasing Workforce Development Efforts • New School of Global Environmental Sustainability • New Degree Programs (e.g. Master of Engineering in Systems Engineering) • Student Involvement in Research (e.g. Engines and Energy Conversion Lab) 42

43. Master of Engineering in Systems Engineering • Customer-driven program • Great survey response • Working professional focus • Began Fall 2008 • ENGR 501: Foundations of Systems Engineering • Flexible delivery modes (in-class, out-of-class, synchronous and/or asynchronous) • National experts present case studies

44. New School of Global Environmental Sustainability • Mission: • Seek solutions to pressing environmental challenges that are regionally relevant and globally significant • Catalyze through a cross-college infrastructure, the University’s strength in environmental research and education • Sustainable Development and Strategic Networks: • Partnerships and Linkages Nationally and Globally • Partnerships with Business and Research • Coordination of Student Environmental Networks • Incorporating Industry Demands into Curriculum Development 44