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THE SOIL FOOD WEB

THE SOIL FOOD WEB. Soil Biology and the Landscape. The Soil Food Web. Living organisms <5%. Fresh residue <10%. Stabilized organic matter (humus) 33% - 50%. Decomposing organic matter (active fraction) 33% - 50%. Components of Soil Organic Matter. Rhizosphere.

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THE SOIL FOOD WEB

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  1. THE SOIL FOOD WEB

  2. Soil Biology and the Landscape

  3. The Soil Food Web

  4. Living organisms <5% Fresh residue <10% Stabilized organic matter (humus) 33% - 50% Decomposing organic matter (active fraction) 33% - 50% Components of Soil Organic Matter

  5. Rhizosphere

  6. Microbial Biomass with Depth

  7. Seasonal Microbial Activity

  8. FOOD WEB & SOIL HEALTH

  9. Biomass of Soil Organisms in Four Ecosystems

  10. Typical Numbers of Soil Organisms in Healthy Ecosystems

  11. Methods for Measuring the Food Web

  12. Bacteria with fluorescent stain for counting

  13. A Complex Food Web

  14. Complexity of the Soil Food Web in Several Ecosystems

  15. BACTERIA

  16. Bacteria

  17. Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria • Nodules formed where Rhizobium bacteria infected soybean roots.

  18. Actinomycetes Bacterial cells that grow like fungal hyphae

  19. Bacteria vs. fungi

  20. FUNGI

  21. Fungi and Soil Quality • Decompose carbon compounds • Improve OM accumulation • Retain nutrients in the soil • Bind soil particles • Food for the rest of the food web • Mycorrhizal fungi • Compete with plant pathogens

  22. Mycorrhizae Tree root Fungal hyphae Mycorrhizal structure

  23. Ectomycorrhizae

  24. Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (AM)

  25. Mushrooms:The fruiting body of some fungi

  26. Mycorrhizal Fungi

  27. PROTOZOA

  28. PROTOZOA

  29. Flagellate

  30. Ciliate

  31. Amoebae

  32. Mineralization and Immobilization Organisms consume other organisms and excrete inorganic wastes. Organic nutrients are stored in soil organisms and organic matter. Inorganic nutrients are usable by plants, and are mobile in soil. Organisms take up and retain nutrients as they grow.

  33. Soil-Dwelling “Vampires”

  34. NEMATODES

  35. NEMATODES

  36. Predatory Nematode

  37. Root-feeding nematodes

  38. ARTHROPODS

  39. Mites and Biodiversity

  40. Types of Arthropods • Shredders • Predators • Herbivores • Fungal-feeders

  41. Shredders:millipedes

  42. Predators (1)

  43. Predators (2):Pseudoscorpions

  44. Predators (4): Centipedes

  45. Predators (5)

  46. Herbivores

  47. Springtails (fungal feeders) • Abundant in many soils. • Feed on some disease-causing fungi. • Jump by slamming their tail down.

  48. What is in Your Soil? Pitfall trap Berlese funnel

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