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Using Instant Messaging and Short Message Service for Emergency Text Communications

Using Instant Messaging and Short Message Service for Emergency Text Communications. Piotr Boni Michael Armstrong Verizon Network and Technology. Wonsang Song Jong Yul Kim Henning Schulzrinne Dept. of Computer Science Columbia University. July 2009. Agenda. General Overview

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Using Instant Messaging and Short Message Service for Emergency Text Communications

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  1. Using Instant Messaging and Short Message Service for Emergency Text Communications Piotr Boni Michael Armstrong Verizon Network and Technology Wonsang Song Jong Yul Kim Henning Schulzrinne Dept. of Computer Science Columbia University July 2009

  2. Agenda General Overview Background Next Generation 9-1-1 (NG 9-1-1) Technical Overview Prototype Architecture Instant Messaging (IM) Short Messaging Service (SMS) Conclusion

  3. Background Text communications is ubiquitous in the US. 71 million IM users in 2007 Source: comScore 263 million mobile telephone service subscribers601 billion SMS messages in 2008 (SMS is up 954% from 2005) Source: CTIA – The Wireless Association; FCC. But it is limited in emergency use. Anonymous crime tips in Boston and New York Text alerts on university campuses Text communications have advantages in emergency situation. When voice calls are not possible For speech/hearing impaired

  4. Project goals Research methods to integrate IM and SMS into the NG9-1-1 architecture Investigate ways to maintain a “live session” with the call taker when using IM or SMS Verify the approach on a working prototype

  5. NG9-1-1 architecture Emergency ServicesIP Network (ESInet) IP PSAP A Location-to-Service Translation (LoST) Server PSAP SIP Proxy … Emergency Services Routing Proxy (ESRP) Call Takers ACD . . . IP PSAP Z PSAP SIP Proxy … Call Takers Conference Server ACD Emergency Services IP Network (ESInet) 9-1-1 Call Origination Network SIP-based network of IP PSAPs managed by the emergency authorities Network used by emergency caller to ask for help Examples: PSTN, VoIP, Cellular (SMS), IM Role 1. Determine location of caller 2. Route call to ESInet 3. Protocol conversion

  6. Adding IM to NG9-1-1 Telematics Network Emergency ServicesIP Network (ESInet) VoIP Network 9-1-1 IP PSAP A PSTN Network Location-to-Service Translation (LoST) Server PSAP SIP Proxy … IM Network Emergency Services Routing Proxy (ESRP) Call Takers ACD . . . IP PSAP Z SMS Network (Cellular network) PSAP SIP Proxy … Call Takers Conference Server ACD

  7. Adding IM to NG9-1-1 (1) Problem: Most IM providers use proprietary protocols. AOL, Yahoo!, Microsoft Fortunately, providers already use standard protocols such as SIP or XMPP to interconnect IM services. Yahoo! and Microsoft use SIP. AOL and Google use XMPP. Prototype uses SIP MESSAGE method to add IM to NG9-1-1.

  8. IM client SIP Communicator Open source, Java-based, VoIP and IM client with SIP presence Multi-protocol instant messenger SIP, XMPP/Jabber (Google talk), AIM/ICQ, MSN Messenger, Yahoo! Messenger, Bonjour, IRC, RSS Uses JAIN SIP stack Based on the OSGi architecture and using the Apache Felix implementation SOS Button Location Button

  9. SIP MESSAGE from sender’s UA request line MESSAGE urn:service:sos SIP/2.0 From: <sip:caller@verizon.com>;tag=e778529 To: <urn:service:sos> Route: <sip:esrp.ng911.gov;lr> Geolocation: cid:caller@verizon.com ;inserted-by="caller@verizon.com" Content-Length: 1123 -------------------------- Content-Type: text/plain Help me.. -------------------------- Content-ID: <caller@verizon.com> Content-Type: application/pidf+xml <presence> <tuple id="id94954"> <status> <gp:geopriv> <gp:location-info> <cl:civicAddress> <cl:country>US</cl:country> <cl:A1>NY</cl:A1> <cl:A3>New York</cl:A3> <cl:A6>Amsterdam Ave</cl:A6> <cl:HNO>1214</cl:HNO> <cl:PC>10027</cl:PC> </cl:civicAddress> </gp:location-info> <gp:method>Manual</gp:method> </gp:geopriv> </status> </tuple> </presence> header fields message PIDF-LO

  10. IM message flow Emergency ServicesIP Network (ESInet) IP PSAP A Location-to-Service Translation (LoST) Server PSAP SIP Proxy … Emergency Services Routing Proxy (ESRP) Call Takers ACD . . . IP PSAP Z PSAP SIP Proxy … Call Takers Conference Server ACD LoST Manual Entry LLDP-MED Location LoST “Burglary!” LoST Server IM Client SIP SIP SIP Proxy IM Network

  11. Adding IM to NG9-1-1 (2) Problem: Every message from the same ‘session’ should go to the same call taker. Prototype keeps record of user’s address and destination to deliver messages consistently to one call taker.

  12. Session-keeping mechanisms Emergency ServicesIP Network (ESInet) IP PSAP A Location-to-Service Translation (LoST) Server PSAP SIP Proxy … Emergency Services Routing Proxy (ESRP) Call Takers ACD . . . IP PSAP Z PSAP SIP Proxy … Call Takers Conference Server ACD • Associate logical session to UI. • Use the initial ESRP URI while chat window is open. • Create soft state. • Ignore other routing policies such as LoST. SOS “Burglary!” - Close the logical session explicitly when conversation is over. LoST Server IM Client - Create logical session and keep using it until call taker closes it. SIP Proxy IM Network

  13. Adding SMS to NG9-1-1 Telematics Network Emergency ServicesIP Network (ESInet) VoIP Network 9-1-1 IP PSAP A PSTN Network Location-to-Service Translation (LoST) Server PSAP SIP Proxy … IM Network Emergency Services Routing Proxy (ESRP) Call Takers ACD . . . IP PSAP Z SMS Network (Cellular network) PSAP SIP Proxy … Call Takers Conference Server ACD

  14. Adding SMS to NG9-1-1 (1) Problem: Location information must be included in emergency messages. Location is configured using assisted GPS on cell phones. This is an example of an endpoint-centric solution. Location is included in the SMS message. 26/160 To: 911 Text: Someone in my house. Please send help ASAP. [+40.9625 -73.5684]

  15. Adding SMS to NG9-1-1 (2) Problem: SMS and SIP are different protocols. Prototype uses SMS gateway to convert SMS to SIP.

  16. SMS gateway Step1: extract phone number, message, and location Step2: query LoST to resolve the ESRP URI Step3: compose a SIP MESSAGE request (SIP From header: sip: phone number @ IP address of the SMS gateway)

  17. SMS message flow Emergency Services IP Network (ESInet) Location LoST “Burglary!” IP PSAP A Cellular phone Location-to-Service Translation (LoST) Server SMS PSAP SIP Proxy … SMS SMS GW Emergency Services Routing Proxy (ESRP) Call Takers ACD . . . SMPP Gateway SMSC Sybase 365 IP PSAP Z SIP SIP Service Proxy PSAP SIP Proxy … LoST Call Takers Conference Server ACD LoST Server

  18. Adding SMS to NG9-1-1 (3) Problem: Every message from the same ‘session’ should go to the same call taker. Prototype keeps record of the user’s phone number and the destination URL to deliver messages consistently to one call taker. Call taker has control over the session. The session is released by the call taker.

  19. Session-keeping mechanisms Emergency Services IP Network (ESInet) IP PSAP A Location-to-Service Translation (LoST) Server PSAP SIP Proxy … Emergency Services Routing Proxy (ESRP) Call Takers ACD . . . IP PSAP Z PSAP SIP Proxy … Call Takers Conference Server ACD “Burglary!” Cellular phone • Create soft state • Ignore other routing policies such as LoST SMS GW - Close the logical session explicitly when conversation finishes SMPP Gateway SMSC Sybase 365 • Create soft state • Messages from same sender are routed to the same ESRP Service Proxy - Create logical session and keep using it until call taker closes it. LoST Server

  20. Conclusion IM and SMS communications can be integrated into an IP PSAP using SIP. Location can be configured and delivered with the message. Messages can be delivered consistently to the same call taker as if it were a “session”. Mechanism within ESInet is the same for IM and SMS. Prototype software developed SIP Communicator – modified open source, Java-based VoIP/IM client Service Proxy a.k.a. HTTP-SIP Gateway as part of the SMS GW functionality Stateful components in the emergency network

  21. Thank you!

  22. Backup slides…

  23. Two approaches for location Endpoint-centric Solution Location is configured by the endpoint. A-GPS Location is inserted by the endpoint. SMS application We are using this solution. Network-centric Solution Location is configured by the network. Mobile Positioning Center (MPC) Position Determining Equipment (PDE) Location is inserted by the network. SMS Gateway

  24. Service Proxy a.k.a. HTTP-SIP GW Web application running on Apache Tomcat server Jointly developed using Java Servlet API SIP client runs in parallel within the web application. Developed using JAIN SIP stack Features Converts from HTTP to SIP and vice versa Queries LoST in order to forward message to an appropriate ESRP Keeps record of phone numbers and destination ESRP for a limited time to maintain session

  25. Wireless network message flow

  26. How can we start today? Emergency ServicesIP Network (ESInet) … IP PSAP Manual Entry LLDP-MED FiOS ONT Box LoST Server PSAP SIP Proxy Call Taker “Burglary!” ACD LoST Server IM Client Today’s PSAP 911 voice calls … IM-SIP/SMS-SIP Gateway Verizon dedicated, secure IM server(s) ALI Controller Telephone Call Taker Text Message + Location IM Network IM Call Taker IM Client; preferably SIP-based - Potential SIP conversion point

  27. Next steps Propose solutions to standards organizations Work on sending multimedia messages (MMS) to an IP PSAP Explore how commercial IM networks can be integrated into Emergency Network Build or re-use an IM gateway for proprietary protocols

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