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Defining Biomedical Informatics and its Relationship to Dental Research and Practice

Defining Biomedical Informatics and its Relationship to Dental Research and Practice . Edward H. Shortliffe, MD, PhD College of Physicians & Surgeons Columbia University Dental Informatics & Dental Research: Making the Connection National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland

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Defining Biomedical Informatics and its Relationship to Dental Research and Practice

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  1. Defining Biomedical Informatics and its Relationship to Dental Research and Practice Edward H. Shortliffe, MD, PhD College of Physicians & Surgeons Columbia University Dental Informatics & Dental Research: Making the Connection National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland June 12, 2003

  2. What is Medical Informatics? The scientific field that deals with the storage, retrieval, sharing, and optimal use of biomedical information, data, and knowledge for problem solving and decision making. Medical informatics touches on all basic and applied fields in biomedical science and is closely tied to modern information technologies, notably in the areas of computing and communication.

  3. Public Health Nursing Dentistry Visualization Clinical Medicine Veterinary Medicine Molecular Biology Applied Research Medical Informatics in Perspective Methods, Techniques, and Theories Basic Research

  4. Public Health Informatics Nursing Informatics Dental Informatics Imaging Informatics Clinical Medicine Informatics Veterinary Informatics Bioinformatics Applied Research Medical Informatics in Perspective Methods, Techniques, and Theories Basic Research

  5. Clinical Medical Informatics in Perspective Methods, Techniques, and Theories Basic Research Public Health Informatics Nursing Informatics Dental Informatics Imaging Informatics Clinical Medicine Informatics Veterinary Informatics Bioinformatics Applied Research

  6. Applied Research Medical Informatics in Perspective Medical Informatics Basic Research Methods, Techniques, and Theories Imaging Informatics Clinical Informatics Public Health Informatics Bioinformatics

  7. Applied Research Medical Informatics in Perspective Medical Informatics Methods, Techniques, and Theories Basic Research Imaging Informatics Clinical Informatics Public Health Informatics Bioinformatics Molecular and Cellular Processes Tissues and Organs Individuals (Patients) Populations And Society

  8. Medical Informatics in Perspective Medical Informatics Methods, Techniques, and Theories Imaging Informatics Clinical Informatics Public Health Informatics Bioinformatics

  9. Biomedical ?? ?? ?? Medical Informatics in Perspective Bioinformatics Methods, Techniques, and Theories Medical Informatics Methods, Techniques, and Theories Imaging Informatics Clinical Informatics Public Health Informatics Bioinformatics

  10. Applied Research Biomedical Informatics in Perspective Biomedical Informatics Methods, Techniques, and Theories Basic Research Imaging Informatics Clinical Informatics Public Health Informatics Bioinformatics Molecular and Cellular Processes Tissues and Organs Individuals (Patients) Populations And Society

  11. Examples of Growing Synergies Between Clinical and Bio- Informatics • Applications at the intersection of genetic and phenotypic data • e.g., pharmacogenomics • e.g., identification of patient subgroups • Shared methodologies with broad applicability • e.g., natural language and text processing • e.g., cognitive modeling of human-computer interaction • e.g., imaging (organs, biomolecular, 3D) • e.g., inferring structure from primary data • e.g., data mining (knowledge extraction) from large datasets

  12. Journal of Biomedical Informatics • Formerly “Computers and Biomedical Research” • Volume 36 in 2003 • Emphasizes methodologic innovation rather than applications, although all innovations are motivated by applied biomedical goals

  13. Contribute to... Computer Science Draw upon…. Contributes to…. Biomedical Domain Draws upon…. Biomedical Informatics in Perspective Biomedical Informatics Methods, Techniques, and Theories Other Component Sciences Management Sciences Information Sciences Cognitive Science Decision Science Applied Informatics

  14. Core of Biomedical Informatics As An Academic Discipline Biomedical Knowledge Biomedical Data Inferencing System Data Base Knowledge Base

  15. Biomedical Research Planning & Data Analysis Knowledge Acquisition Data Acquisition Model Development Image Generation Information Retrieval Treatment Planning Human Interface Diagnosis Teaching Biomedical Informatics Research Areas Biomedical Knowledge Biomedical Data Real-time acquisition Imaging Speech/language/text Specialized input devices Machine learning Text interpretation Knowledge engineering Knowledge Base Data Base Inferencing System

  16. Examples from a Recent Columbia Retreat: Cross Cutting Methodologies • Natural language and text processing • Knowledge representation and structuring / ontology development • Cognitive science in biomedical informatics • Data mining • 3-dimensional modeling

  17. Contribute to... Draws upon…. Biomedical Informatics in Perspective Biomedical Informatics Methods, Techniques, and Theories Computer Science, Decision Science, Cognitive Science, Information Sciences, Management Sciences and other Component Sciences Draw upon…. Contributes to…. Structural Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology Bioinformatics

  18. Dental Informatics • Significant opportunities for research across the spectrum of biomedical informatics application areas (bioinformatics, imaging, clinical, public health) • Challenges exist that can help to drive innovation and scientific contributions in biomedical informatics and in other, non-biomedical, areas of application

  19. Contribute to... Draws upon…. Biomedical Informatics in Perspective Biomedical Informatics Methods, Techniques, and Theories Computer Science, Decision Science, Cognitive Science, Information Sciences, Management Sciences and other Component Sciences Draw upon…. Contributes to…. Oral Medicine, Dentistry, Craniofacial Surgery, Dental Research Dental Informatics

  20. Challenges For Academic Informatics • Explaining that there are fundamental research issues in the field in addition to applications and tool building • Finding the right mix between research/training and service requirements • Developing and nurturing the diverse collegial and scientific relationships typical of an interdisciplinary field

  21. Academic Informatics: Lessons We Have Learned • Service activities can stimulate new research and educational opportunities • Need to have enough depth in faculty to span a range of skills and professional orientations • Need to protect students from projects on critical paths to meeting service requirements • Institutional support and commitment are crucial • Financial stability • Visibility and credibility with colleagues in other health science departments and schools

  22. Training FutureBiomedical Informatics Professionals The Problem:There are too few trained professionals, knowledgeable about both biomedicine and the component sciences in biomedical informatics The Solution:Formal training in biomedical informatics, with the definition of a core discipline and specialized elective opportunities

  23. Curriculum Development Perspective of our Department of Biomedical Informatics • Basic objectives: fundamental areas of biomedicine, computer science and mathematics that are prerequisites for further study in Biomedical Informatics • Core objectives: essential skills required by all Biomedical Informatics students • General objectives: ability to conduct research and participate in the educational activities of the field • Specialized objectives: application of general methods and theories in at least one of four different areas: bioinformatics, imaging informatics, clinical informatics, and public health informatics

  24. Computer Science (software) Computer Science (hardware) Cognitive Science & Decision Making Bioengineering Epidemiology And Statistics Management Sciences Clinical Topics Basic Biomedical Sciences Biomedical Informatics Disciplines Biomedical Informatics

  25. Biomedical Informatics Curriculum Major subject areas: 1. Biomedical Informatics 2. Biomedicine 3. Computer Science 4. Decision and Cognitive Sciences 5. Public Policy and Social Issues

  26. 1. Biomedical Informatics Courses • Computer applications in health care • Computer-assisted medical decision making • Bioinformatics (computational biology) • Biomedical imaging (imaging informatics) • Programming projects course • Weekly student seminars (topic review or research report by students) • Weekly research colloquium • Biomedical informatics “civics”

  27. Biomedical Informatics Textbook(3rdedition) Bio Medical Informatics Textbook(2nd edition) Springer Verlag - 2000 2004?

  28. Program Characteristics Steady-state program size: 45-50 students • Dental informatics postdocs 3 students Applications per year: ~130 candidates Admissions per year: 8-10 students Principal faculty: 30 Participating and consulting faculty: ~20 Trainees generally supported on a training grant, as graduate research assistants on sponsored projects, or as teaching assistants

  29. Doctoral Research in Informatics • Although they are inspired by biomedical application goals, dissertations in biomedical informatics must: • offer methodological innovation, not simply interesting programming artifacts • generalize to other domains, within or outside biomedicine • Inherently interdisciplinary, biomedical informatics provides bridging expertise and opportunities for collaboration between computer scientists and biomedical researchers and practitioners

  30. Career Paths for Biomedical Informatics Professionals • Academic biomedical informatics research and development, and educational support • Clinical, administrative, and educational management • Operational service management • Health system chief information officer or medical/nursing director for information technology • Digital library development and implementation • Corporate research and development • Biotechnology/pharmaceutical companies

  31. Trends • Creation of several new biomedical informatics departments or independent academic units • Reasonably strong job market for graduates of informatics degree programs • Government investment in training and research is reasonably strong, especially for applications and demonstrations • Increasing acceptance of biomedical informatics as an emerging subspecialty area by biomedical professional societies • Increasing recognition that biomedical problems can drive the development of basic theory and capabilities in information technology research

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