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Complex adaptive systems: Insights for restoration and management Klaus Puettmann

Complex adaptive systems: Insights for restoration and management Klaus Puettmann Edm und Hayes Professor in Silviculture Alternatives. Silviculture - Diversity – Resilience. Resilience. Ecologists

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Complex adaptive systems: Insights for restoration and management Klaus Puettmann

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  1. Complex adaptive systems: Insights for restoration and management Klaus Puettmann Edmund Hayes Professor in Silviculture Alternatives

  2. Silviculture - Diversity – Resilience Resilience • Ecologists • “respond to change in a ways that sustain fundamental functions, structure, identity, and feedbacks” (after Chapin et al. 2009) • Restoration • “… sustain ecosystem services” • ($, water, wildlife habitat, etc.) Phase change Resilience J. Goldammer J. Goldammer

  3. Complexity science

  4. ComplexAdaptive Systems System Behavior Changingexternalfactors Emergent properties Positive feedback Various scales Negative feedback Insects Light Plants Precip Soil Changingexternalfactors Disturbances

  5. Complex, adaptive systems • stable states are the exception, rather than the norm • can be unpredictable • can withstand substantial perturbations, i.e., be remarkably robust (adapted to current conditions) • can be quite responsive (adaptable) to perturbations (threshold) Modified from S. Page (U Michigan)

  6. Complex, adaptive systems

  7. Complex, adaptive systems What influences ecosystems adaptation? • Diversity of • Components (different hierarchical scales) • Interactions (cross-scale) • Redundancy (overlap) • Connectivity • Network structure • History: Disturbances and reassembly periods • Non-linearity and thresholds

  8. HierarchicalScales Boreal forests = Low diversity Picea mariana Photo: L.B. Brubaker ncdc.noaa.gov Populus tremuloides Range maps from USDA Forest Service Agriculture Handbook 654 Based on Burton2013

  9. HierarchicalScales http://www.mysciencebox.org/node/573 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomic_rank Based on Burton2013

  10. HierarchicalScales Within-species diversity, e.g., clones and provenances http://watchingtheworldwakeup.blogspot.com/ 2008/09/best-fall-colors-ever.html photo courtesy of Weyerhauser Ltd Cross-species diversity, e.g., hybridization Based on Burton2013

  11. Cross-scale interactions Keystone species or processes Modified from Simard et al. 2013

  12. Diversity and Redundancy Traits that facilitate ecosystem response to change that contribute to ecosystem functions Mechanistic view of “adaptability” “Species don’t matter - What species do matters”

  13. Diversity and Redundancy Fleshy fruits and seeds Insect pollination Palatable leaves Functional type Drought tolerance Sprout. ability Heat tolerance Response type

  14. Diversity and Redundancy Insect pollinated species • % cover • Basal area (m2/ha) • Basal area (m2/ha) A. Neill, in review.

  15. Diversity and Redundancy USFS Thinning increases likelihood that selected wildlife habitat functions are maintained in light of climate change.

  16. Close-to-nature vs. CAS

  17. Questions and comments

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