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Introduction to Seismology

Introduction to Seismology. Ge Jin. Type of earthquakes. Normal -> extension - MOR Thrust -> compression - Subduction Strike-slip -> shear - transition zone. Beach Balls and Focal Mechanisms. Earthquake Depth Brittle-ductile transition vs temperature. Seismic Wave Animation.

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Introduction to Seismology

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  1. Introduction to Seismology • Ge Jin

  2. Type of earthquakes • Normal -> extension - MOR • Thrust -> compression - Subduction • Strike-slip -> shear - transition zone

  3. Beach Balls and Focal Mechanisms

  4. Earthquake Depth Brittle-ductile transition vs temperature

  5. Seismic Wave Animation http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/eq_depot/2002/eq_021103/ak_seismic_waves.html Seismic Waves

  6. How do we know earth structure from seismic data? • Ray theory - Travel Time of body wave phases

  7. How do we know earth structure from seismic data? • Dispersion of Surface Wave

  8. How do we know earth structure from seismic data? • Dispersion of Surface Wave

  9. How do we know earth structure from seismic data? • Frequency of Free Oscillation - solid inner core!

  10. How do we know earth structure from seismic data? • Ray theory - Travel Time tomography

  11. How do we know earth structure from seismic data? • Other cool ideas: Rotation of the inner core

  12. Magnitude VS intensity • Intensity: how strong the earthquake shake the ground • Different at different places • Magnitude: how big the earthquake is • Only one • 32 times more energy by increasing 1

  13. Earthquake Prediction Long term prediction is possible, short-term prediction is not successful

  14. Something about Honshu Earthquake • Magnitude: 9.0 • Rupture: ~250km • Maximum slip: ~30m • Rupture time: ~3min

  15. Why big earthquake will change the length of the day?

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