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Lecture 13

Lecture 13. IEEE protocols for WAN, WPAN and future. Objectives. Define a wireless personal area network List the technologies of a wireless metropolitan area network Describe the features of a wireless wide area network Discuss the future of wireless networking

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Lecture 13

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  1. Lecture 13 IEEE protocols for WAN, WPAN and future

  2. Objectives • Define a wireless personal area network • List the technologies of a wireless metropolitan area network • Describe the features of a wireless wide area network • Discuss the future of wireless networking • Understand the principles of 802.11n

  3. Wireless Personal Area Networks • Wireless networks classified into four broad categories: • Wireless personal area network (WPAN): Hand-held and portable devices; slow to moderate transmission speeds • Wireless local area network (WLAN): i.e., IEEE 802.11a/b/g • Wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN): Range up to 50 kilometers • Wireless wide area network (WWAN): Connects networks in different geographical areas

  4. Wireless Personal Area Networks (continued) Figure 12-1: Wireless network distances

  5. Wireless Personal Area Networks (continued) • WPANs encompass technology designed for portable devices • PDAs, cell phones, tablet or laptop computers • Low transmission speeds • Three main categories: • IEEE 802.15 standards • Radio frequency ID (RFID) • IrDA

  6. WPANs: IEEE 802.15.1 (Bluetooth) • Bluetooth uses short-range RF transmissions • Users can connect wirelessly to wide range of computing and telecommunications devices • Rapid and ad hoc connections between devices • 802.15.1 adapted and expanded from Bluetooth • Designed for area of about 10 meters • Rate of transmission below 1 Mbps • Two types of 802.15.1 network topologies • Piconet • Scatternet

  7. WPANs: IEEE 802.15.1 (continued) • Piconet: When two 802.15.1 devices come within range, automatically connect • Master: Controls wireless traffic • Slave: Takes commands from master • Piconet has one master and at least one slave • Active slave: Connected to piconet and sending transmissions • Parked slave: Connected but not actively participating

  8. WPANs: IEEE 802.15.1 (continued) Figure 12-4: Piconet

  9. WPANs: IEEE 802.15.1 (continued) Figure 12-5: Slave device detected by a master device

  10. WPANs: IEEE 802.15.1 (continued) • Devices in piconet can be in one of five modes: • Standby: Waiting to join a piconet • Inquire: Device looking for devices to connect to • Page: Master device asking to connect to specific slave • Connected: Active slave or master • Park/Hold: Part of piconet but in low-power state • Scatternet: Group of piconets in which connections exist between different piconets • 802.15.1 uses FHSS

  11. WPANs: IEEE 802.15.1 (continued) Figure 12-6: Scatternet

  12. WPANs: IEEE 802.15.1 (continued) Table 12-1: Comparison of 802.15.1 speed

  13. WPANs: IEEE 802.15.3 • Created in response to limitations of 802.15.1 • High-rate WPANs • Two main applications: • Video and audio distribution for home entertainment systems • High-speed digital video transfer • High-density MPEG2 transfer between video players/gateways and multiple HD displays • Home theater • PC to LCD projector • Interactive video gaming • High speed data transfer

  14. WPANs: IEEE 802.15.3 (continued) • Differences between 802.15.3 and 802.15.1 • Quality of Service (QoS) • Security • High data rates (11, 22, 33, 44 and 55 Mbps • Spectrum utilization (2 or 3 non overlapping channels) • Coexistence Table 12-2: IEEE 802.15.3 security modes

  15. WPANs: IEEE 802.15.4 • Sometimes preferable to have low-speed, low-power wireless devices • Size can be dramatically reduced • IEEE 802.15.4 standard addresses requirements for RF transmissions requiring low power consumption and cost Table 12-3: IEEE 802.15.4 data rates and frequencies

  16. WPANs: IEEE 802.15.4 (continued) • ZigBee Alliance: Industry consortium that promotes 802.15.4 standard Figure 12-7: ZigBee and IEEE 802.15.4

  17. Zigbee • Zigbee alliance hhttp://www.zigbee.org/ • Example: Squidbee • http://www.libelium.com/squidbee/index.php?title=Main_Pagettp://www.zigbee.org/

  18. Phy enhancements

  19. MIMO

  20. SDM

  21. STBC

  22. TBF

  23. Antenna selection

  24. Safe guard interval

  25. Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC)

  26. Subcarriers

  27. Forward Error Correction Code

  28. Modulation and Coding Schemes

  29. Duplicate format

  30. Legacy support

  31. 40 MhZ in 2.4 Ghz

  32. 40 Mhz in 5Ghz

  33. 802.11 b vs 802.11 n

  34. Aggregation at 300 mbps

  35. L-SIG TxOP Protection

  36. RTS-CTS

  37. Granurality

  38. WPANs: Radio Frequency ID (RFID) Figure 12-8: RFID tag

  39. WPANs: Radio Frequency ID (continued) • Passive RFID tags: No power supply • Can be very small • Limited amount of information transmitted • Active RFID tags: Must have power source • Longer ranges/larger memories than passive tags Table 12-4: RFID tags

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