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Voltaic Cells

Voltaic Cells. Batteries, etc. Essentials. Electrochemical setups that can generate electricity They release energy and are spontaneous E cell is positive (by definition) Viewed as sources of energy Voltage depends on the chemical reaction Amount (amps) depends on the size of the cell.

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Voltaic Cells

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  1. Voltaic Cells Batteries, etc.

  2. Essentials • Electrochemical setups that can generateelectricity • They release energy and are spontaneous • Ecell is positive (by definition) • Viewed as sources of energy • Voltage depends on the chemical reaction • Amount (amps) depends on the size of the cell

  3. Many types of batteries • Dry Cells ("D", "AA" "AAA" ) • Lithium ion battery • Car Batteries (Lead Acid) • Rechargable (can be some types of lithium or Nickel/ Cadmium (Ni/Cad) • Fuel Cells (Hydrogen/Oxygen)

  4. The Chemical Reaction Overall 2MnO2 + Zn Zn2+O + Mn2O3 The zinc is oxidized: Zn0 Zn2+ + 2 e- The manganese is reduced: 2 x [1 e- + (Mn4+)O2 ] (Mn3+) 2O3

  5. The Lead Acid Battery Used in automobiles Made of Lead plate, lead oxide and sulfuric acid nasty and toxic Great for holding a LOT of electricity Good for rapid charge and discharge Lots of rapidly available power (as in turning around a 300 pound car engine fast enough to get it started) Made of 6 cells put together: each cell gives 2 volts, Together they make 12 volts.

  6. The chemical reaction: 2 e- The discharge… PbO2 + 2 H2SO4 + Pb2PbSO4 + H2O Some lead is oxidized: Pb0  Pb4+ + 2 e – (SO4 2- is a spectator) Some lead is reduced: 2 e - + Pb4+O2  Pb4+ + H2O (SO4 2- is a spectator)

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