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MIRO Multi-path Interdomain ROuting

MIRO Multi-path Interdomain ROuting. Wen Xu and Jennifer Rexford Department of Computer Science Princeton University Chuck Short CS622 Dr. C. Edward Chow. Definitions. Autonomous System (AS) Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Internet Service Provider (ISP). Observations.

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MIRO Multi-path Interdomain ROuting

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  1. MIROMulti-path Interdomain ROuting Wen Xu and Jennifer Rexford Department of Computer Science Princeton University Chuck Short CS622 Dr. C. Edward Chow CS622 - MIRO Presentation

  2. Definitions • Autonomous System (AS) • Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) • Internet Service Provider (ISP) CS622 - MIRO Presentation

  3. Observations • Single route advertisement is not flexible enough • BGP is sufficient for most traffic • Control over path properties rather than complete path is desirable • Intermediate router may be willing direct traffic along another path • Current methods for influencing path choices are limited CS622 - MIRO Presentation

  4. Current Routing Architectures • BGP • Single best path selection • Source Routing • End to end path selection • Overlay Networks • Virtual network topology CS622 - MIRO Presentation

  5. BGP Routing CS622 - MIRO Presentation

  6. Source Routing CS622 - MIRO Presentation

  7. Overlay Routing CS622 - MIRO Presentation

  8. MIRO Protocol Design • Extension of BGP • AS-Level path selection • Negotiation for alternate routes • Policy driven export of alternate routes • Tunnels to direct traffic on alternate routes CS622 - MIRO Presentation

  9. MIRO Route Negotiation CS622 - MIRO Presentation

  10. MIRO Tunnel Establishment CS622 - MIRO Presentation

  11. MIRO Implementation Considerations • Intra-AS Architecture • AS may consist of many internal routers and paths • Data Plane Packet Encapsulation • IP over IP encapsulation • Control Plane Tunnel Management • Creation and destruction of tunnels based upon negotiation CS622 - MIRO Presentation

  12. MIRO Evaluation Methodology • Simulated operating environment • Infer AS relationships • Assume each AS selects and exports routes based on business relationships • Each AS treated as one node • GAO Algorithm • L. Gao, “On inferring Autonomous System relationships in the Internet,” IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 733–745, 2001. • Data (October 2000, 2003, 2005) • www.routeviews.org CS622 - MIRO Presentation

  13. Node DistributionSmall percentage have many neighbors (Tier 1 AS) CS622 - MIRO Presentation

  14. MIRO AS Response Variations • Strict Policy • Responding AS announces routes with same local preference as the original default route • Respect Export Policy • Responding AS announces alternate routes using an export policy • Most Flexible Policy • Responding AS announces all possible routes CS622 - MIRO Presentation

  15. Two Evaluation Scenarios • 1-hop set • AS negotiates with each immediate neighbor • Path set • AS negotiates with any AS along BGP path • 300 million (source,destination) pairs evaluated CS622 - MIRO Presentation

  16. Internet Path Diversity Comparison CS622 - MIRO Presentation

  17. Using MIRO to Avoid an Intermediate AS • Avoid for security or performance reasons • Calculate triple for every • (Source, Destination, AS to avoid) • Don’t avoid immediate neighbors CS622 - MIRO Presentation

  18. Successful Avoidance of an Intermediate AS CS622 - MIRO Presentation

  19. Incremental Deployment CS622 - MIRO Presentation

  20. Using MIRO to Control Incoming Traffic • Assumptions • Each source generates equal traffic • Total traffic estimated by number of sources using link • All traffic sent through an intermediate AS always transits through that AS • Total traffic a single AS can move if switched to a different route • Power node concept • Node lies on destination path for many sources CS622 - MIRO Presentation

  21. Evaluation of Power Node Path Switch CS622 - MIRO Presentation

  22. Analysis • 10,383 multi-homed AS studied • Around 90% can move 10% of traffic • 50% can move • 40% of traffic under flexible policy • 25% of traffic under strict policy CS622 - MIRO Presentation

  23. Further Analysis of Power Nodes • 90% of Power Nodes had 200+ neighbors • Most likely Tier 1 AS • Immediate neighbors only constitute 9% of Power Nodes • 68% of Power Nodes are 2 hops away CS622 - MIRO Presentation

  24. MIRO Routing Policies • Need negotiation rules • Establish and manages negotiation process • Need route selection rules • Filter and rank available alternatives CS622 - MIRO Presentation

  25. Route Convergence • Potential for oscillation • Solution: • If upstream AS does not advertise the tunnel MIRO is guaranteed to converge whenever BGP converges CS622 - MIRO Presentation

  26. Conclusion • MIRO is backward compatible with BGP • MIRO can provide the flexibility to negotiate alternate routes as needed • MIRO can provide transit AS more control over traffic across their network • MIRO is comparable to Source Routing at avoiding an intermediate AS • Most alternate route possibilities are provided by the most connected nodes (ISP’s) CS622 - MIRO Presentation

  27. Future Research • Build prototype • Explore security via AS trust relationships • Devise centralized load balancing scheme to prevent oscillation • Explore the incorporation of price, performance and load information into the route selection process CS622 - MIRO Presentation

  28. Questions? CS622 - MIRO Presentation

  29. Other References • Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) • http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4271.txt CS622 - MIRO Presentation

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