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Twelve Olympians

Twelve Olympians. Wu Shiyu. 古希腊的神话和艺术是人类童年时代的美丽的诗，具有永久性的魅力。 --------- 马克思 这是一个毫无掩饰的时代。人类的文明尚未筑起羞耻之墙。几乎所的神祗都是要哭就哭，要笑就笑，一切都是那么率真，七情六欲袒露无遗。. 奥林匹亚山的十二主神. Zeus (Jupiter) Hera (Juno) Poseidon (Neptune) Demeter （ Ceres ） Apollo Athena (Minerva)

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Twelve Olympians

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  1. Twelve Olympians Wu Shiyu

  2. 古希腊的神话和艺术是人类童年时代的美丽的诗，具有永久性的魅力。 ---------马克思 这是一个毫无掩饰的时代。人类的文明尚未筑起羞耻之墙。几乎所的神祗都是要哭就哭，要笑就笑，一切都是那么率真，七情六欲袒露无遗。

  3. 奥林匹亚山的十二主神 Zeus (Jupiter) Hera (Juno) Poseidon (Neptune) Demeter（Ceres） ApolloAthena (Minerva) Artemis (Diana) Hestia(Vesta) Ares (Mars) Aphrodite (Venus) Hephaestus (Vulcan) Hermes (Mercury) Hades Dionysus

  4. Olympians: Apollo and Artemis Zeus (king of the god) Leto (minor goddess) Twin sisters Apollo and Artemis

  5. Birth Story • Jealousy of Hera • place to give birth • Island of Delos • Ilithya, necklace • Clasping a palm tree • The twins

  6. Apollo and Artemis

  7. God Apollo God of: • Arts: music, poetry • Preside over the nine Muses • Lire • Creative ability • Representing Culture • Swan-drawn chariot

  8. 云上的日子 • That hour then • And all day long till the sun went down they feasted • And no god’s hunger lacked a share of the handsome banquet • Or the gorgeous lyre Apollo struck or the Muses singing • Voice to voice in choirs, their vibrant music rising. • At last, when the sun’s fiery had set, • Each immortal went to rest in his own house, • The splendid high halls Hephaestus built for each • With all his craft and cunning, the famous crippled Smith. • And Olympian Zeus the lord of lightning went to his own bed • Where he had always lain when welcome sleep came on him. • There he climbed and there he slept and by his side • Lay Hera the Queen, the goddess of the golden throne. ------Homer’s Iliad

  9. The Story of Ass’ Ear • Asia Minor • Musical contest with rustic Pan • Tmolos, judge • Played in turn • Rustic reed-pipes, lyre • In favor of Apollo, Midas • Ear of an ass • Burst, relieved dig, whisper, ground • Reeds grew up, rustled wind, all the world

  10. Hippocrates：The Oath of Medicine • I swear by Apollo, the healer, Asclepius, Hygieia, and Panacea, and I take to witness all the gods, all the goddesses, to keep according to my ability and my judgment, the following Oath and agreement: ….

  11. God of Medicine

  12. Apollo and Asclepius • Koronis, washing feet, Lake Boibias • Mistress, conceived a child to him • Secret love affair, Ischys • Artemis, neighbors, Flame, funeral-pyre • Snatch it, womb, Crow, messenger • Centaur Cheiron, the art of medicine • Revive the dead, the established order • Dispatched Asclepius to Hades, thunderbolt, • Apollo killed Cyclopes who made thunderbolt

  13. Guilty of bloodshed, • Zeus ordered serve mortal, serf • Admetos, just and considerate master • Cattle, twins every birth • Bride, Alkestis, yoke a lion, a boar • Artemis, Moirai, die, in his place • No one, his wife, wifely devotion • Heracles, Thanatos

  14. Unhappy love • With Marpessa (Idas) • Cassandra (Priam) • Daphne (laurel) • Hyakinthos (discuz)

  15. Apollo (II) “太阳神阿波罗(Apollo)的理性与酒神狄俄尼索斯（Dionysus）非理性的张力是整个希腊文化原动力之一。” ----Nietzsche's The Birth of Tragedy

  16. The Deity of Apollo • Lyre God of: • Arts: music, poetry,… • Leader of Muses • Creative ability • Representing Culture

  17. God Apollo God of: Sun Youth Medicine Healing

  18. (Phoibos) Apollo • Arrow; quiver Still god of • Sudden death for men • Inflict Plague and death • Strike from afar

  19. “他（阿波罗）随即坐在远离船舶的地方射箭， “他（阿波罗）随即坐在远离船舶的地方射箭， 银弓发出令人心惊胆战的弦声。 他首先射向骡子和那些健跑的狗群， 然后把利箭对准人群不断放射。 焚化尸首的柴薪烧了一层又一层。” -----荷马史诗《伊利亚特》

  20. Apollo: God of Prophecy The most important aspect: God of prophecy Delphic oracle (Delphi) Sacred to Apollo Apollo’s role as a god of who provides prophecy for humans is central to our understanding of him

  21. Delphi: the omphalos and tripod

  22. The Oracle of Delphi • Pythia, priestess, trance-like state • Ecstasy • Virgin of Delphian birth • Dressed like a girl • Translated verse-form by Priest Video

  23. Delphic Oracle • Attracted Greeks and non-Greeks • Consult the oracle • about things, big or small, • public or private • Oedipus the king • Croesus • Socrates • Later stories

  24. An order in the world • Apollo knows and foreknows this order • Tell you what will happen in the future

  25. Apollo: God of reason and moderation Carved on the temple: “Know thyself” “Nothing in Excess” Association with reason and with moderation. Crucial to understanding of Greek culture

  26. Know Thyself • Remember: what kind of a creature you are; your limitations; above all else that you are not a god.

  27. The Universe

  28. The Story of Niobe

  29. The Story of Niobe Niobe: queen of Thebes, mother of 14 children Greater than Leto (goddess) worshiped instead of Leto Apollo and Artemis shoot Cliff face, water running down Eternal tears

  30. Lessons to learn Humans by definition vulnerable to death 14 children today, not tomorrow Human, die at any moment Leto’s two children, god Do not transgress

  31. Story of Phaethon

  32. Human good fortune unstable • Changeable, unstable, • disappear in the blink of an eye • Follow reason, nothing in excess, know yourself • Two maxims connected. • Excess---- not know yourself • Address by Jobs

  33. Immortal and Mortal • "If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right." • No one wants to die. Even people who want to go to heaven don‘t want to die to get there. And yet death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life…” -----Steve Jobs

  34. Immortal and Mortal Eos, the dawn goddess Affair with the human Tithonos Enjoyed him so much Make him immortal Failed ageless Continue to age Nothing left but a voice Complaining voice A back chamber

  35. Immortal and Mortal Attempt to gain immortality Result in total disaster Sybil, a female lover of Apollo Asked for as many years of life as there were grains of sand on the shore of sea This was granted But eternal youth was left out Grows older and older Withered away into a little thing sits in cage

  36. 几个问题 1.古希腊神话里对“人”的思考，比如本课所讲的人与神的区别，还有斯芬克斯之谜里的问题； 2.古希腊文明所体现的理性，自省与其悲剧意识和这一文明的创造性的思考。

  37. Hubris or hybris Humans must avoid hubris A word come into English from Greek. What is hubris? Implications for our life. Refer to presentations Pay your price for your hubris. The story of Croesus Persian king, Xerxes

  38. Artemis: her twins’ opposite God of moon Huntress Wild beasts Protector of young species Sudden death of women

  39. The story of Actaeon

  40. The story of Actaeon

  41. The story of Actaeon

  42. The story of Actaeon A great hunter (Thebes) Hunting with his friends Wandering through woods Surrounded a lake Artemis, nymphs bathing Unintentionally, by mistake Stag, animal body, human mind Own hounds tear to shreds Most dreadful story

  43. Mistress of wild beasts Protector of young babies including of humans Protector of childbirth

  44. Protector of childbirth Forever virgins: Artemis, Athena and Hestia Is it contradictory? Identify women with nature, men with culture.

  45. In Greek culture Women were submissive Male dominant Rejecting domination by a male because of her essential wildness Her rejection of sexuality illustrates the danger of crossing a god or transgressing the boundaries between humans and gods. The story of Actaeon

  46. Know Thyself • Nothing in Excess • Hubris Know your own limitations as fallible mortal and then exercise moderation because you are mortal.

  47. 阿波罗神谕的两句话和Hybris这一概念都反应了古希腊文明深刻中的一贯主题，并且还在这一文明的各种艺术形式里，被反复演绎和发展，比如，在神话、哲学、史诗和悲剧以及它们的历史学等。阿波罗神谕的两句话和Hybris这一概念都反应了古希腊文明深刻中的一贯主题，并且还在这一文明的各种艺术形式里，被反复演绎和发展，比如，在神话、哲学、史诗和悲剧以及它们的历史学等。

  48. “做一个能自制的人，。。。才能成为最高尚、最幸福和最有推理能力的人。”“做一个能自制的人，。。。才能成为最高尚、最幸福和最有推理能力的人。”

  49. 史学之父希罗多德则在《历史》里反复提及，“我们头上的神是非常嫉妒的，并且很喜欢干扰人间”，由此来使人认识“自知”和“适度”的重要。这些理念，深刻地体现出古希腊文明理性、厚重和深刻的特点。史学之父希罗多德则在《历史》里反复提及，“我们头上的神是非常嫉妒的，并且很喜欢干扰人间”，由此来使人认识“自知”和“适度”的重要。这些理念，深刻地体现出古希腊文明理性、厚重和深刻的特点。

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