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25-3 Judaism and Christianity

25-3 Judaism and Christianity. Focus. What were the main religious beliefs of the Ancient Hebrews? How did Judaism influence Christianity? What were the teachings of Jesus? Why did Christianity attract a large following?. The History of Judaism.

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25-3 Judaism and Christianity

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  1. 25-3 Judaism and Christianity

  2. Focus • What were the main religious beliefs of the Ancient Hebrews? • How did Judaism influence Christianity? • What were the teachings of Jesus? • Why did Christianity attract a large following?

  3. The History of Judaism • 1800 BCE - Nomadic Hebrews from Cannan (Palestine) flee the area due to drought and famine and head to Egypt • Here they are enslaved by the Egyptians for years until Moses helps them escape • Moses leads them into the Sinai Peninsula and here he makes a covenant with God • Hebrews set up a small state in Palestine in 1025 BCE and form the Kingdom of Israel. • Its location between Egypt and Mesopotamia left if open to attack by invaders

  4. History of Judaism • Two Great Kings helped Israel to flourish: • David- Skilled General who united the twelve tribes • Solomon- David’s Son, kept peace and built a great temple at Jerusalem • Taxed people heavily to pay for this • After Solomon’s death in 930 BCE the kingdom was weakened and fell to invaders and the Hebrews were forced into exile. • Persians allow the return to Israel after they conquer in 500 BCE, but never regain free rule again. • In 70 CE Hebrews revolt against Roman rule and Survivors of the ensuing war were forced out of Palestine and scattered about the world in an event called the Diaspora.

  5. Teachings of Judaism • Monotheistic - One God - Yahweh • Torah-Record of early history as well as moral and religious laws • Tenants: • Law Essential • Ten Commandments • Other laws and codes established in the Torah • Ethical World View • People and their rulers should lead moral lives • Prophets reassert these values from time to time • Rulers not gods • Individuals responsible for their actions

  6. The Rise of Christianity • Grows out of Hebrew Traditions inside of Palestine • Focused on the life of Jesus, the religions founder • His disciples believed he was the Messiah, savior chosen by God. • Destined to deliver Jews from foreign rule and return Kingdom of Israel • Taught about God’s goodness and mercy • Seen as troublemaker by Jewish leaders • Also seen as threat by Romans • Crucified and killed in 33 CE

  7. Teachings of Jesus • Single God, the God of the Hebrews • Upheld Ten Commandments • Preaches Love and Compassion • All are equal and God forgives • Those who are humble, merciful and unselfish will be rewarded with eternal life • Used parables, short stories that teach morals, to teach many of his lessons • Acquiring wealth does not guarantee salvation

  8. Spread of Christianity • Jesus was believed to be the Son of God • Followers called Christos and teachings collected in the New Testament • Spreads like wildfire throughout the easily accessible Roman World with missionaries carrying Jesus’ message • Christians often were martyred, forced to suffer and die for their beliefs, by Romans who were angry they would not recognize their gods. • Persecution helped the spread of Christianity instead of hurting it • In 313 CE the Emperor Constantine converted and by 395 CE it had become the official religion of the Roman Empire • In 330 CE Roman Empire divided and two Christina Churches form • Roman Catholic Church - recognize pope • Eastern Orthodox Church- don’t recognize pope

  9. Why was Christianity so popular? • Offers all the hope of salvation and eternal life • Gives individuals control of their own destiny • People like being seen as equal in God’s eyes

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