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Why classify organisms?

Why classify organisms?. Biology A. Student Goals. Explain HOW and WHY organisms are classified into Kingdoms through species. Hierarchical Classification. Taxonomic categories Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species. Hierarchical Classification.

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Why classify organisms?

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  1. Why classify organisms? Biology A

  2. Student Goals • Explain HOW and WHY organisms are classified into Kingdoms through species.

  3. Hierarchical Classification • Taxonomic categories • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species

  4. Hierarchical Classification • Classification System in Biology goes from biggest category to smallest category. • Each bigger category can hold many smaller ones. • i.e., One Kingdom can hold many phyla, one phyla can hold many classes

  5. What is a Mnemonic Device • A Mnemonic Device is a strategy for remembering things. • Typically this involves using a little phrase where the first letters stand for the things you’re trying to remember in order. • Because a sentence or phrase makes sense, it’s easier to remember new or non-related things. • What is a strategy for remembering the Hierarchical Classification order? • What is a Seven-word phrase to remember this order?KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies

  6. Mnemonic Device: Examples • King Phillip Came Over For Green Soup • Kings Play Chess On Fine Grained Sand • Kindly Put Candy Out For Good Students • You develop a mnemonic device! • KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies

  7. Founder: Linnaeus • Carolus Linnaeus invented a binomial system of classification for all living things in the 1750’s • Classification system using 7 taxons or categories.

  8. Linnaeus: original

  9. Classification is in Latin • Why do we use Latin scientific names in biology? • Latin used to be the language of science. • Latin is a dead language; it doesn’t change. • They are useful to avoid confusion.

  10. Scientific names: the Latin name of a plant or animal • Common name • Dog • Cat • Human • Red maple • Corn • Scientific name • Canis familiaris • Felis catus • Homo sapiens • Acer rubrum • Zea mays

  11. Binomial nomenclature rules • Genus • Noun, Capitalized, Underlined or Italicized • Example: Ursus • Species • Descriptive, Lower Case, Underlined or Italicized • Example: arctos • Ursus arctos Ursus arctos (Brown Bear)

  12. GENUS: The first part of the name. • Families are divided into groups of closely related organisms. • Organisms in the same genus are related to each other, but they may look very different, and be different species.Plural of Genus= Genera Brown bear- Ursus arctos THREE DIFFERENT GENERA Sun bear- Helarctos malayanus Giant panda- Ailuropoda melanoleuca

  13. Specific Name = SPECIES NAME • The second part of the scientific name. NOT capitalized. • Each genus is subdivided into populations of organisms that breed (mate together) called species. • All members of one species are more closely related to each other than they are to other members of the same genus. • All members of one species tend to look similar, but they are not genetically identical. • (There is some variation in genes within each species) • Members of a species mate with each other and produce offspring that will look like them. • Those offspring can reproduce the species too.

  14. Taxonomic Classification of Man • Kingdom: Animalia • Phylum: Chordata • Subphylum: Craniata • Class: Mammalia • Order: Primates • Family: Hominidae • Genus: Homo • Species: sapiens Homo sapien

  15. Quiz- Question #1 • What two parts make up the scientific name? Chicago Botanical Gardens: Bronze sculpture of Carolus Linnaeus created in 1982 by Robert Berks (American b. 1922) Answer: Genus and Species

  16. Quiz- Question #2 • What are the 7 categories that Linnaeus developed?(what’s your mnemonic device?) Answer: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, order, family, genus, species.

  17. Quiz- Question #3 • What is one reason why we classify organisms? Answer: To give order to the organisms, provide a universal way to study organisms, it helps scientists understand organisms better.

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