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The Accounting Cycle Reporting Financial Results

Chapter 5. The Accounting Cycle Reporting Financial Results. Learning Objective. To prepare an income statement, a statement of retained earnings, and a balance sheet. LO1. This is the Adjusted Trial Balance for JJ’s.

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The Accounting Cycle Reporting Financial Results

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  1. Chapter5 The Accounting CycleReporting Financial Results

  2. Learning Objective To prepare an income statement, a statement of retained earnings, and a balance sheet. LO1

  3. This is the Adjusted Trial Balance for JJ’s. Now, let’s prepare the financial statements for JJ’s Lawn Care Service for May.

  4. Net income also appears on the Statement of Retained Earnings.

  5. Dividends • Business Losses • Business Earnings Statement of Retained Earnings This statement summarizes the increases and decreases in Retained Earnings during the period.

  6. Now, let’s prepare the Balance Sheet.

  7. Learning Objective To explain how the income statement and the statement of retained earnings relate to the balance sheet. LO2

  8. Preparing Financial Statements

  9. Learning Objective To explain the concept of adequate disclosure. LO3

  10. Drafting Notes to the Financial Statements • Examples of Items Disclosed • Lawsuits pending • Scheduled plant closings • Governmental investigations • Significant events occurring after the balance sheet date • Specific customers that account for a large portion of revenue • Unusual transactions and related party transactions Notes to the Financial Statements

  11. Learning Objective To explain the purposes of closing entries; prepare these entries. LO4

  12. Closing the Temporary Accounts The closing process gets the temporary accounts ready for the next accounting period. • Close Revenue accounts to Income Summary. • Close Expense accounts to Income Summary. • Close Income Summary account to Retained Earnings. • Close Dividends to Retained Earnings.

  13. Closing the Temporary Accounts Let’s prepare the closing entries for JJ’s Lawn Care Service.

  14. Closing Entries for Revenue Accounts Since Sales Revenue has a credit balance, the closing entry requires a debit to the Sales Revenue account.

  15. Closing Entries for Revenue Accounts

  16. Closing Entries for Expense Accounts Since expense accounts have a debit balance, the closing entry requires a credit to the expense accounts.

  17. Net Income Closing Entries for Expense Accounts

  18. Closing the Income Summary Account Since Income Summary has a $400 credit balance, the closing entry requires a debit to Income Summary.

  19. The balance in Income Summary is now zero. Closing the Income Summary Account

  20. Closing the Dividends Account Since the Dividends account has a debit balance, the closing entry requires a credit to the Dividends account.

  21. Closing the Dividends Account

  22. Learning Objective To prepare an after-closing trial balance. LO5

  23. After all closing entries are made, JJ’s After-Closing Trial Balance looks like this.

  24. Learning Objective To use financial statement information to evaluate profitability and liquidity. LO6

  25. Evaluating Profitability Evaluating Liquidity Did the business earn a profit or loss in the current period? What is the business’s future potential for a profit? Does the business have assets available to pay debts as they become due? Evaluating the Business

  26. Evaluating Profitability Evaluating Liquidity Net Income Percentage Net IncomeTotal Revenue Working Capital Current Assets – Current Liabilities = = Return on Equity Net IncomeAvg. Stockholders’Equity = CurrentRatio Current AssetsCurrent Liabilities = Evaluating the Business

  27. Learning Objective To explain how interim financial statements are prepared in a business that closes its accounts only at year-end. LO7

  28. Preparing Financial Statements Covering Different Periods of Time Many companies prepare financial statements at various points throughout the year. Annually Quarterly Interim Financial Statements Monthly Jan. 1 Dec. 31

  29. Ethics, Fraud, andCorporate Governance A company should disclose any facts that an intelligent person would consider necessary for the statements to be interpreted properly. Public companies are required to file annual reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The SEC requires that companies include a section labeled “Management Discussion and Analysis” (MD&A) because the financial statements and related notes may be inadequate for assessing the quantity and sustainability of a company’s earnings.

  30. Learning Objective To prepare a worksheet and explain its uses. LO8

  31. The Worksheet

  32. End of Chapter 5

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