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What is a breed?

What is a breed?. The classic definition of a "breed" is usually stated as a variation of this statement. Animals that, through selection and breeding, have come to resemble one another and pass those traits uniformly to their offspring. What is a breed?.

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What is a breed?

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  1. What is a breed? • The classic definition of a "breed" is usually stated as a variation of this statement. Animals that, through selection and breeding, have come to resemble one another and pass those traits uniformly to their offspring.

  2. What is a breed? • Unfortunately this definition leaves some unanswered questions. For example, when is a crossbred animal considered a composite breed and when do we stop thinking about them as composites? • Composite crossbreeding is accomplished by developing a new breed composed of other existing breeds. Once constructed, the composite breed can be mated like a conventional (straight) breed.

  3. The development of the breeds takes different routes also. In some breeds you can see the amount of change that can occur as the result of selection for a small number of traits. As an example, Holstein cattle have been selected primarily for milk production and are the highest milk producing cattle in the world. Other breeds have traits that result from natural selection* pressure based upon the environment in which they were developed. An example of this might be the N’dama cattle from west Africa. These animals have, through the centuries, developed a resistance to trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness spread by the tse-tse fly, which is fatal to most other breeds of cattle.

  4. Classification and Identification of Beef Cattle Breeds Charolais Black Angus Brahman Hereford

  5. OBJECTIVES • To be able to Classify Beef Cattle Breeds into Bos taurus or Bos indicus . • To be able to Classify Beef Cattle Breeds into British, European. • To be able to Determine or Give the Make up of Certain Composite Breeds. • To Give the Attributes of Specific Breeds.

  6. Classification Why do we Need It • We classify everything. Example Automobiles • We Break them down into Cars and Trucks, How can we break them down even further.

  7. Classification Of Automobiles

  8. CLASSIFICATION OF BEEF CATTLE

  9. BRITISH BREEDS OF BEEF CATTLE • Hereford • Polled Herefords • Black Angus • Red Angus • Devon • Shorthorn • Red Poll

  10. EUROPEAN BREEDS OF BEEF CATTLE • Simmental • Limousin • Maine-Anjou • Salers • Charolais • Piedmontese • Blonde d’Aquitaine

  11. ZEBU BREEDS OF BEEF CATTLE • Grey Brahman • Nellore • Indo Brazilian • Red Brahman • Africander

  12. COMPOSITE BREEDS OF CATTLE • Brangus (RED & BLACK) • Beefmasters Beefmaker • Simbrah Braford • Bramousin Santa Gertrudis • American 7 Way Composite • Salorn

  13. HYBRID-VIGOR BENEFITS • More Climate variable • Increased Growth Rate • Increased Vigor and Fertility

  14. Bos taurusBEEF BREEDS BRITISH / EUROPEAN

  15. Hereford • Originated in England • Red with white points • Horned usually • Known for pink eye Bos Taurus / British Breed Classification

  16. Black Angus • Native to Angus (near Scotland) • Came to U.S. in 1873 • Most popular beef breed in the US • Always black in color • Can produce Red Angus • Known for Marbling Ability • No.1 in numbers of registered animals • Always polled • There is a Red Angus breed Bos Taurus / British Breed Classification

  17. Red Angus • Originated in the British Isles • Same as Black Angus • Barred from Angus herdbook • Recognized as separate breed • Were registered with Black Angus herdbooks until 1917 • Red Angus Assoc. of America formed in 1954 Bos Taurus / British Breed Classification

  18. Texas Longhorn • Developed from Spanish cattle, brought to new world by Columbus • Roamed free in the southwest until after the Civil War • Was replaced by new breeds in 1880s • Various colors • Almost went extinct • Known for Low Birth Weights and Calving ease for Heifers • Numbers are increasing Bos Taurus / British Breed Classification

  19. Red Poll • Developed in England • Primarily used for meat in US • Milk production in other countries • Dark red and polled Bos Taurus / British Breed Classification

  20. Shorthorn • Originated in England • White to red in color • Roane Color, very popular for show heifers. Bos Taurus / British Breed Classification

  21. Devon • Originated in England • Also called North Devon • One of the oldest beef breeds • At one time used for milk • Mature cows weigh 950-1300 lbs. Bos Taurus / British Breed Classification

  22. Limousin • Native to South-Central France • Golden-red to red-brown in color Bos Taurus European Breed Classification

  23. Simmental • First recorded in Switzerland • Large body mass • Light red to dark red with white points • Known for Maternal Characteristics Bos Taurus / European Breed Classification

  24. Charolais Originated from France White in color Mature bulls weigh 2000-2500+lbs Mature Females weigh 1250-2000 Known for Size and Muscle Bos taurus/European-Breed Classification

  25. Chianina • Developed in Italy • Came to U.S. in 1971 • Used in cross-breeding programs • They have black skin and white hair • Largest breed of cattle. Cows up to 2400 lbs. Bos Taurus / European Breed Classification

  26. Wagyu • All Japanese cattle • Various colors • Consists of many Japanese breeds • Known for Marbling in the Meat Bos Taurus / European Breed Classification

  27. Piedmontese • Originated in Italy • Double muscled breed • Light to dark gray in color Bos Taurus / European Breed Classification

  28. Blonde d’Aquitaine • Originated in France • Blonde color • Known for Heavy Muscle Bos Taurus / European Breed Classification

  29. Salers • Native to France • Milk production important in Europe • Red to brown in color • Known for some Carcass Merit Bos Taurus / European Breed Classification

  30. Tarentaise • Originated in France • Used for milk in Europe • Red color Bos Taurus / European Breed Classification

  31. Maine-Anjou • Originated in France • Mature bulls weigh 2100-3000 lbs. • Mature cows weigh 1500-1900 lbs. • Dark red with white markings Bos Taurus / European Breed Classification

  32. BOS INDICUS BEEF BREEDS ZEBU

  33. Brahman • Developed in U.S. between 1854-1926 • Brood stock came from India • Used in cross-breeding programs • Large hump on back and loose skin • They have a high heat tolerance • Light gray or red to black • Known for Mothering Ability Bos Indicus Classification

  34. Red Brahman • Heat and Insect Resistant • Mothering Ability Bos Indicus Classification

  35. Nelore • Known form having smaller ears and cleaner lines than other zebu breeds. • Biggest populations in South America. • Heat and Insect tolerant Bos Indicus Classification

  36. Indo Brazilian • Known for Large Ears • Heaviest Populations in South America • High in Maternal Attributes Bos Indicus Classification

  37. Africander • Native to South Africa • Usually red with long horns • Used for meat and as a draft animal • Mature cows weigh 1150-1350 lbs. • Mature bulls weigh 1650-2200 lbs. Bos Indicus Classification

  38. Composite Beef Cattle Breeds

  39. American • Developed in New Mexico • Official breed conformation- • 1/2 Brahman • 1/8 Bison • 1/4 Charolais • 1/16 Hereford • 1/16 Shorthorn • Composite Breed Classification

  40. Brangus • Originated in the United States • 3/8 Brahman, 5/8 Angus • Solid black • Polled Composite Breed Classification

  41. Bramousin • Originated in the United States • Golden to red in color • 5/8 Limousin, 3/8 Brahman Composite Breed Classification

  42. Braford • Developed in Florida • 3/8 Brahman, 5/8Hereford • Red with white points Composite Breed Classification

  43. Simbrah • Originated in the United States • Brahman and Simmental breeds used • Light to dark red with some white marks Composite Breed Classification

  44. Beefmaker • Originated in the United States • 3/4 Hereford, 1/4 Simmental • Red with white points Composite Breed Classification

  45. Beefmaster • Originated in the United States • Brahman, Hereford, and Shorthorn • Composite Breed Classification

  46. Salorn • Developed in the United States • 5/8 Salers. 3/8 Texas Longhorn • Lean meat • Environmentally adaptable Composite Breed Classification

  47. Texon • Originated in the United States • Texas Longhorn and Devon breeds used Composite Breed Classification

  48. Santa Gertrudis *Originated at the King Ranch in Texas *Made up of Brahman, Hereford, and Shorthorn Breeds *Known for Heat tolerance Composite Breed Classification

  49. Review Of Beef Cattle Classification • Cattle are Classified into Two Groups • The Bos Taurus Classification includes what two Groups. • What are some Composite Breeds and what are their makeup. • What are some Breeds Attributes.

  50. Resources • www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/

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