Where did Jews have to live?

2. Where did Jews have to live? Key Words Ghetto Judenrat Holocaust • Objectives • Describe ‘ghettoisation’ and historical past • Explain conditions in ghettos • Analyse role of ‘Judenrat’ (Jewish ghetto leaders)

3. What is a Ghetto? A ghetto is a section of a city overcrowded and often associated with specific ethnic or racial populations living below the poverty line. During World War II the Nazis created specific Ghettos in which to house Jews before transportation to concentration camps The Warsaw Ghetto was the largest of all Jewish Ghettos during World War II. It was established in Warsaw, Poland 1940. Over 400,000 Jews from the area were crammed into an area of 1.3 square miles, about 254,000 Ghetto residents were sent to Treblinka extermination camp during the summer in 1942.

5. Movement to the Ghetto

6. Life in the Ghetto Looking at this picture, what does it tell you about life inside the Ghetto?

7. The Pianist Lets consider for a minute individual strength, courage and the personal tragedies of the Ghetto http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1j4nJtgbmSk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxnplib2uG4 A brilliant pianist, a Polish Jew, witnesses the restrictions Nazis place on Jews in the Polish capital, from restricted access to the building of the Warsaw ghetto. As his family is rounded up to be shipped off to the Nazi labor camps, he escapes deportation and eludes capture by living in the ruins of Warsaw.

8. Life in the Ghetto During the next year and a half, thousands of Jews were brought into the Ghetto, while diseases (especially typhus), and starvation spread and killed thousands at the same time. Average food rations in 1941 for Jews in Warsaw were limited to 186 calories. Unemployment was a major problem in the ghetto. Goods were smuggled in, often by children. Hundreds of four to five year old Jewish children went across to the "Aryan side," sometimes several times a day, smuggling food into the ghettos. Smuggling was often the only source of food for Jews in the Ghetto who would otherwise have died of starvation. Despite this life in the Ghetto had many educational and cultural activities, conducted by its underground organizations. Hospitals, public soup kitchens, orphanages and refugee centres as well as a school system. There were secret libraries, classes for the children and even a symphony orchestra. Over 100,000 of the Ghetto's residents died due to rampant disease or starvation, as well as random killings, even before the Nazis began massive deportations of people. Over 240,000 Jews were sent to Treblinka Death camps from the Warsaw Ghetto. By the end of 1942, it was clear that the deportations were to their deaths, and many of the remaining Jews decided to fight

9. Rebellion in the Ghetto http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8bjY6L_MUkY Watch the clip about the most famous of all ghetto rebellions, the Warsaw Uprising. Consider the sheer strength and courage it took to stand up to the Nazi SS units at this time, 1943.

10. Your Tasks: Choose at least 2 of the following to complete: Write a newspaper report on the Warsaw Uprising of 1943 Diary entry of a Jew living inside the Ghetto Draw a map of the Ghetto and add labels which explain life in the Ghetto What message did the Ghetto uprising send to a) The Nazis and b) Persecuted Jews in Germany/ Poland? Draw your impression of life in the Ghetto in anyway you wish and label If you have an idea of your own ask your teacher if it is alright