Biological Terms

1. Biological Terms

2. Life Cycles • Annual – a plant that completes its life cycle in one year. • Biennial – a plant that completes its life cycle in two years. • Perennial - a plant that lives more than two years.

3. Leaf Retention • Decidous – loses leaves during dormant season • Evergreen- keeps leaves remains green year – round

4. Hormones • Inhibitors hasten a fruit ripening, inhibits or restrains seed germination and stem elongation. • Cytokinins – hormones that work with auxins to stimulate cell division • Gibberellins – hormones that stimulate cell elongation, premature flowering and breaking dormancy • Auxins – hormones that speed plant growth by stimulating cell enlargement

5. Moisture in plants • Turgid – plant is swollen or filled with moisture • Wilted – plant is limp because it does not have enough moisture.

6. Stages of Growth • Juvenile - when plant first starts to grow from a seed • Reproductive – when plant produces flowers, seeds and fruits • Dormant –when plant rests or grows very little if any

7. Plant Processes • Photosynthesis – the food manufacturing process in green plants that combine carbon dioxide and water in the presence of light to make sugar and oxygen. • Formula is : 6CO2 + 6H2O+672 Kcal R C6H1206 +6O2

8. Respiration-the process through which plant leaves, stems and roots consume oxygen and give off carbon dioxide. Plants produce much more oxygen through photosynthesis than they use through respiration. • Absorption-the process by which plant roots take in water and air. • Transpiration-the process by which plants lose water from leaves and stems through evaporation.

9. Translocation-the process by which food and nutrients are moved within a plant from one plant part to another. • Reproduction-the plant process that increases plant numbers usually from seeds. • Osmosis – process by which minerals and water enter the plant through cell walls.