1 / 21

Employment, poverty and social exclusion

Employment, poverty and social exclusion. Nick Bailey University of Glasgow. Resources. Quality of Life. Material & economic resources. Health & wellbeing. Access to public & private services. Living environment. Social exclusion. Social resources. Education & skills.

valda
Download Presentation

Employment, poverty and social exclusion

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Employment, poverty and social exclusion Nick Bailey University of Glasgow

  2. Resources Quality of Life Material & economic resources Health & wellbeing Access to public & private services Living environment Social exclusion Social resources Education & skills Crime, harm & criminalisation Participation Social participation Economic participation Cultural participation Political and civic participation

  3. Labour market & policy context • Long-term restructuring • More unequal returns, increasing ‘flexibility’ • Recession reinforced this – rise of underemployment and SE • Policy • Minimum wage and tax credits BUT • Welfare reforms, sanctions AND • Absence of labour market regulation and curbs on unions • Drives rise of in-work poverty (UK figs from HBAI) • 52% of poor in work in 2011/12 [40% in 1996/7] • 61% of working age poor in work in 2011/12 [53% in 1996/7]

  4. 1. Access to employment

  5. 1. Access to employment

  6. 2. Employment and poverty - UK 12% 32% 17% 32%

  7. 2. In-work poverty – Scot vs RoUK -2% -5%

  8. 2. Poverty by hhld work intensity– Scot vs RoUK

  9. 2. Employment and poverty • Factors raising risks of in-work poverty • Hhld with children or single person x 2 • Semi-/routine and lower supervisory occupations x 2.5 • Work intensity less than 0.4 x 2.5 • 12+ months unemp. in last five years x 3 • BUT for large minority of people, problem is NOT lack of access to employment • 46% of working age adults who are poor are in work [Scot = 45%] • 39% of working poor work 40+ hours a week [Scot = 31%] • 35% of working poor in hhlds with Work Intensity > 0.8 [Scot = 41%]

  10. 3. Employment, Health & Well-being • Impacts of employment on health & WB • Status, identity, routine, structure • Material or economic resources • Quality of work • Physical demands, hazards • Psychosocial environment • Two-way relationships

  11. 3. Employment, Health & Well-being • Employment quality – sum of five scores (12 vars) • Satisfaction/sense of value (satisfaction, interesting, useful) • Low stress (NOT stressful, NOT tight deadlines) • Control/flexibility (task control, control start/finish, time-off) • Good physical conditions (temperature, smoke/dust/noise, NOT physically demanding) • Security (job secure)

  12. 3. Employment, Health & Well-being

  13. 3. Employment, Health & Well-being • People in lowest quintile for job quality have health/well-being no better than unemployed • After controlling for gender, age, physical health, income, deprivation, occupation, education • Not evidence of causal link but consistent with other work which shows such a link • Poor quality work, like low paid work, does not lead to social inclusion • Scotland has similar proportion of jobs of “low quality” • 21% c.w. 23% for RoUK[+/- 4% and 2% respectively]

  14. Summary: Employment & social exclusion Employed/ Self-empd Unemployed Inactive

  15. Summary: Employment & social exclusion Employed/ Self-empd % WA Not working 29% Unemployed 8% 22% Inactive

  16. Summary: Employment & social exclusion Poor (17%) Employed/ Self-empd % empd% WA Work+poor 17%12% Not working 29% Unemployed 8% Poor (59%) 22% Poor (48%) Inactive

  17. Summary: Employment & social exclusion Poor Employed/ Self-empd % empd% WA Work+poor 17% 12% Work+poorqual 22%16% Not working 29% Poor quality Unemployed 8% Poor 22% Poor Inactive

  18. Summary: Employment & social exclusion Poor Employed/ Self-empd % empd% WA Work+poor 17% 12% Work+poorqual 22% 16% Work+poorhstry 6%4% Not working 29% Poor history Poor quality Unemployed 8% Poor 22% Poor Inactive

  19. Summary: Employment & social exclusion Poor Employed/ Self-empd % empd% WA Work+poor 17% 12% Work+poorqual 22% 16% Work+poorhstry 6% 4% Exclusionary emplt Any 1 36%26% 2+ 8%5% Not working 29% Poor history Scotland 32% 7% Poor quality Unemployed 8% Poor 22% Poor Inactive

  20. Summary: Employment & social exclusion Poor Employed/ Self-empd % empd% WA Work+poor 17% 12% Work+poorqual 22% 16% Work+poorhstry 6% 4% Exclusionary emplt Any 1 36%26% 2+ 8%5% ONE THIRD of those in exclusionary employment have made no progress in employment over last five years Poor history Poor quality Unemployed 8% Poor 22% Poor Inactive

  21. 4. Conclusions: Britain’s broken labour market • Need policy focus on “inclusionary employment” • Access to work – employment rates • Pay – Living Wage+, hours, underemployment • Stability/security – predictability, continuity • Quality – satisfaction, control, stress, physical • Progression

More Related