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Explore the pivotal roles of universities and PRIs in national systems of innovation for inclusive and sustainable development. Understand the challenges they face, interventions needed, and mechanisms for capability building. Discover how to link formal and informal actors, aligning with national goals and organizational imperatives.
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How do we conceptualise the role of universities and PRIs in a national system of innovation where the goal is inclusive and sustainable development? Innovation for inclusive and sustainable development: The southern perspective I Glenda Kruss and Il-haam Petersen Indialics conference, Thiruvananthapuram, India 17 March 2016 Social science that makes a difference
Developmental challenge for universities and public research institutes • Structural constraints, global inequalities – but optimism - spaces for national agency? Where can we intervene? • Universities and public research institutes: potentially key actors in national innovation and inclusive development networks • BUT how do we orient their scientific knowledge and technology to wide/r socio-economic benefit / social inclusion? • Universities and PRIs in Southern Africa typically: • Global science <-> solutions to complex local problems • Value academic and institutional reputations • International agencies promote imitation of dominant models = entrepreneurialism and commercialisation, firm linkages, IPR • ‘community engagement’ welfare oriented, student ‘service learning’, research= new low-cost energy/sanitation/water products - but with no/inadequate diffusion processes => How conceptualise their roles in national system of innovation where goal is inclusive and sustainable development?
Macro-Economic Policy Factor Conditions Public Research For-Profit Market Firms & Industry Structure Institutions Government Public Goods Provision Informal Actors & Informal Economy Education & Supporting University Industries Systems Legal & Financial Systems
Finding new ways to link to informal actors • Universities should interact and build linkages with formal and informal actors, to benefit of for-profit markets and public good provision • Multiple roles: strategic balance of financial, intellectual and social development imperatives in line with national/ organisational/ departmental goals • Integrated into teaching and learning, research and outreach • All disciplines: science, business and humanities • BUT models for linking with informal actors: Unequal knowledge and power relations? Degree of agency and participation? Capacity to acquire and use knowledge? • How do we understand the nature of and build capabilities of universities and PRIs to interact with informal actors? • Extend concepts of interactive capabilities, from firms to knowledge organisations (von Tunzelman 2007, 2010)
UNIVERSITIES AND PRIS CAPABILITY BUILDING PROCESSES: Interactive capabilities Competencies Capability building mechanisms/strategies Embodied/tacit Internal interface Circumstance Feedback systems Skills in specialised areas Incentives for academic excellence Willingness/motivation to interact Functional integration Leaderships skills (social skill) Organisational planning External interface Disembodied/codified Research collaboration- centres Outreach campuses Organisational structures Science shops - Co-operative and service learning Institutional policies (formal) Technology platforms SMMES Diversified funding base Training courses Social incubators / Agriparks Environmental turbulence t Sensing ü Learning ü Integrating ü Coordinating ü Dynamic interactive capabilities
Conclusion: Towards alternative models • Global and national macro-conditions constrain and limit universities and PRIs • But such a model can promote capabilities for dynamic and strategic agency - rather than passive reaction – at the meso- and micro-levels… • Grounded in and responding to context-specific developmental challenges – rather than importation and mimicry of ‘entrepreneurial’ models