Identify three key weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

1. Identify three key weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. • No power to tax or coin money No executive authority – forced to invent one by committee action No official home base

2. What were often the two key requirements for voting in the early Republic? • You had to be a white adult male property owner

3. What part of the country gradually began passing emancipation laws in the late 1700s? • The North (or New England)

4. What agreement established the guidelines for the settlement and organization of the “western territories” in 1787? What were some key provisions? • The Northwest Ordinance, set #s of citizens for each phase of development, tries to protect Indians, bans slavery (increases sectionalism)

5. How did Shay’s Rebellion create great concerns regarding the strength of the government? • No central authority for dealing with future rebellions, no structure in place to solve problems that caused rebellion

6. What were the two major compromises made during the drafting of the United States Constitution? • Great Compromise (large states: House, small states: Senate), 3/5 Compromise (5 slaves count for 3 men)

7. Why is our government a “Democratic Republic”? • We vote (democracy) for the people who represent us (republic)

8. What part of the government did the Federalists want strengthened in the new constitution? • the national (Federal) government, get it…Federalists

9. What group pushed hard for the inclusion of the Bill of Rights? Anti-Federalists

10. What was Hamilton’s (the Federalist) vision for America? A country based on manufacturing and a strong central government (run by elite)

11. Identify two of Hamilton’s early economic policies. Consolidate Nat’l debt, assume state debts, pay debt in full, works to boost manufactures

12. What foreign war had a huge impact on the U.S. during the 1790s? Why? War between France & GB, Jeff (D-Rs) backed France – Feds backed GB, fuels party tensions

13. What event (in 1800) demonstrated the flexibility and functionality of the new Constitution? • Jefferson’s election, totally new ideas peacefully came into power

14. How did Jefferson visualize the role of the executive branch? • As minimal as possible, he cut way back on spending & offices

15. How did Jefferson react to troubles with GB & France in 1807? How did this impact the economy? • Embargo Act, huge negative impact on economy

16. What was Jefferson’s vision of America? What large acquisition was designed to make this a reality? Agricultural society, everybody owns land or a small business, strong state’s rights; the Louisiana Purchase

17. Who was sent to explore the Louisiana Territory? What were their primary tasks? Lewis & Clark; map the territory, bring back specimens, friendly relations with natives

18. How did the rivalry between the French & British affect us in the early 1800s? War of 1812

19. What disgruntled group did the British bring in to try and defeat the US in 1812? • The Indians, who were frustrated with the loss of western lands (Indiana, Illinois, etc.)

20. What was the Monroe Doctrine? don’t mess around in our hemisphere & we’ll stay out of yours (to Europe)

21. What did Jackson supporters call Clay’s support for John Q. Adams in the 1824 election? How did Adams try to change federal power? • A “corrupt bargain”, Adams tried to dramatically increase federal power

22. Where did Jackson’s political support come from? Which of his policies built this up? Common Man (new Democratic Party) expand opportunity for all white men, oppose National bank, Indian relocation (Trail of Tears)

23. What economic development in the early 1800’s marked the end of the old family based economy and the beginning of a new national economy? • Market Revolution

24. Name two big reform movements of the early 1800’s. What did they want? • Abolition (end slavery), temperance (ban alcohol), suffrage (women’s vote), Great Awakening (win souls back to church)

25. What party opposed Jackson’s policies? Who did they represent? • The Whigs, mostly northern business elite who felt they were at the mercy of an unfair tyrant

26. What small group dominated southern economic and political life in the early 1800’s? • Wealthy plantation owners

27. What is “Manifest Destiny”? The belief that the U.S. would someday control the land from coast to coast.

28. How did the Mex-Am War start? What was the real purpose? • Dispute over territory between Texas and Mexico – US trying to fulfill Manifest Destiny

29. Who opposed the Mexican-American War? Why did they oppose it? Whigs and Abolitionists, opposed extension of slavery in the Southwest

30. What was the basic outcome of the Mex-Am war? • US pays $15m for major territory (CA, NV, AZ, UT, etc.)

31. What issue was hotly debated in the new territories as our country expanded westward? slavery

32. What were two of the main provisions of the Missouri Compromise? MO is a slave state, ME is a free state, no slavery above 36-30 line

33. What was the purpose of the Wilmot Proviso? • It was an attempt to ban slavery in lands acquired from the Mex-Am War

34. What were two of the main provisions of the Compromise of 1850? CA free state, tougher fugitive slave law, UT & NM slave territories

35. What was the free labor ideal? What was its biggest enemy? • Earn enough with labor to buy own farm or business, hire younger person to help them on their way; slavery

36. What was the name of the nativist party that split from the Whigs in the 1850’s? Who was the target of their nativism? • Know-Nothings, Irish and German immigrants

37. What groups joined to form the Republican Party in the 1850’s? • Free labor & free soil advocates, abolitionists (everyone who opposed expansion of slavery in new territories)

38. What were the key outcomes of the Kansas Nebraska Act? Northern route for transcontinental RR, popular sovereignty on slavery in K-N

39. How did the Dred Scott Decision further inflame the slavery debate? • Ruling slaves never citizens, rights therefore cannot be violated (regardless of travel, etc.)

40. What were two key outcomes of the Lincoln Douglass Debates? • Vaulted Lincoln to the head of the Republican party, framed the national debate over slavery

41. Why did John Brown take over the arsenal at Harper’s Ferry? attempt to arm slaves and lead a revolt

42. Name two advantages the South had at the start of the Civil War. Better generals, defensive war, passion for their cause

43. Name 3 advantages the North had at the start of the war. larger population, more industry, better transportation, more food production

44. How did the North use their superior navy to try and force the South to surrender? • Blockade the southern coast and patrol the Mississippi

45. Which side enjoyed great success in the first two years of the Civil War? Why? • The South, better leadership and fighting a defensive war

46. What was the purpose of the Emancipation Proclamation? Free the slaves in rebel states, provide moral cause for the war

47. What two battle in July of 1863 proved to be a turning point in the Civil War? • Gettysburg & Vicksburg

48. What union general took command of the entire army after waging successful campaigns in the west? • Ulysses S. Grant

49. Who marched through the South with the goal of forcing them to surrender? Sherman

50. What did the 13th Amendment do? Made slavery illegal