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America in World War II. 1941-1945. Pearl Harbor. December 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor is bombed December 8, 1941 war is declared on the Japanese December 11, 1941 war is declared on Germany under the abc-1 agreement with Britain. Japanese Americans during WWII.
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America in World War II 1941-1945
Pearl Harbor • December 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor is bombed • December 8, 1941 war is declared on the Japanese • December 11, 1941 war is declared on Germany under the abc-1 agreement with Britain.
Japanese Americans during WWII • Executive Order No. 9066 was put into place on February 19, 1942. • It resulted in loss of property and a loss of freedom as Japanese Americans were placed in internment camps. • The order would be upheld by the Supreme Court in 1944 under the Korematsu vs. US
War Production Board • Great Depression woes were alleviated by the production of war goods. • $100 Billion in 1942 alone. • The War Production Board was established in January 1942, much like the War Industries Board of WWI
Office of Price Administration • Prices soared under Full Employment and scarce consumer goods. • Prices were brought under control through regulations. • Essential goods were rations…Victory Gardens will be planted to assist in the war efforts.
National War Labor Board • Imposed ceilings on wage increase. • This was not well received by labor unions who wanted the market to dictate wages, along with union input. • There were no-strike pledges put into place, but were ignored in some instances • United Mine Workers chief, John L Lewis will call his workers to strike several times.
Smith-Connally Anti-Strike Act • Passed in June 1943, this act gave the government the ability to seize control of industries were strikers where holding war production hostage. • Coal mines and railroad were taken over by the government during this time. • Americans on the whole were behind the efforts. Strikes accounted for less than 1% of the total working hours of war time labor forces.
Women During the War • Employed in noncombat duties. • Known as the “women in arms” • WAAC’s (Army) • WAVES (Navy) • SPARS (Coast Guard) • 6 million women went to work outside the home. Many had never worked outside the home. • 3,000 daycare centers opened • The foreshadowing of things to come as women continued to work outside the home after the war.
Young GI’s • Drafted youth were clothed as “GI’s” • Agriculture and Industrial workers were sometimes exempt to keep things running at home. • Braceros, Mexican agriculture workers employed in the US during the war to fill the gaps for American youth drafted.
