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Congenital Anomalies of the heart

Congenital Anomalies of the heart. DR RANIA GABR. objectives. Discuss the congenital anomalies related to the heart development. Atrial Septal defects: Septum Primum Defect: Defect in the interatrial septum Due to absence of the septum Primum (Patent foramen ovale ).

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Congenital Anomalies of the heart

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  1. Congenital Anomalies of the heart DR RANIA GABR

  2. objectives • Discuss the congenital anomalies related to the heart development.

  3. Atrial Septal defects: • Septum Primum Defect: Defect in the interatrial septum Due to absence of the septum Primum (Patent foramen ovale)

  4. Septum Secondum Defect: Defect in the interatrial septum Due to absence of the septum Secondum(Patent foramen Secondum)

  5. Complete absence of the interatrial septum (Core TriloculareBiventriculare): There is complete absence of both septum primum and septum secondum. i.e. there is a common atrium.

  6. Patent osteumprimum: • The foramen primum may fail to close inspite of formation of the foramen secondum . • This will cause disturbance in the valvular mechanism of the interatrial septum.

  7. Patent foramen ovale: • Mentioned before

  8. Persistent atrioventricular canal: • The A-V cusions and the septum intermedium fail to develop. • The A-V canal remains divided into rt and lt parts. • There is usually: • 1- Patent foramen primum • 2- IV septaldefect • 3- Abnormalities in the leaflets of the valves guarding the A-V canal.

  9. Ventricular Septaldefects: Usually in the membranous part

  10. Tetralogy of Fallot: Four co-occurring heart defects: • Pulmonary stenosis • Right ventricular hypertrophy • Ventricular septal defect • Overriding aorta (dextroposition)

  11. Eisenmenger'ssyndrome: Characteristics of Eisenmenger's syndrome summarized as: • persistent truncusarteriosus • ventricular septal defect • left-right ventricular shunt • right ventricle hypertrophy

  12. Congenital Aortic valve stenosis: • Occurs due to fusion of the cusps of the aortic valve . • Very narrow aortic orifice will cause Lt ventricular hypertrophy. • Regurge of blood from the aorta to the left ventricle will increase the ltventr. Hypertrophy.

  13. Congenital Aortic valve atresia: • Under developed lt ventricle • Narrow ascending aorta • Patent ductusarteriosus to carry the blood into the aorta

  14. Pulmonary atresia • The pulmonary artery is underdeveloped, the right ventricle very small.Thecondition is also sometimes referred to as hypoplastic right heart.

  15. Transposition of the great arteries: • Most common cyanotic neonatal heart defect • Failure of aorticopulmonary septum to take a spiraling course • Fatal without PDA, ASD, & VSD

  16. EctopiaCordis: • The heart is bulging outside the chest due to wide separation in the 2 parts of the sternum

  17. Dextrocardia: • The heart and great vessels are reversed as in mirror image • It might be a separate condition or part of Situsinversus

  18. Situsinversus

  19. “The End ” Thank you

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