Doctrine Update

1. Doctrine Update As of 4 February 2013 Mr. Clinton J. Ancker III Director, Combined Arms Doctrine Directorate (CADD) Fort Leavenworth, Kansas

2. Doctrine 2015 Overview Army Doctrine Publications (ADP) ADRP 3-28 Field Manual Field Manual Field Manual Field Manual Field Manual Field Manual [15 ADPs] Fundamental principles Army Doctrine Reference Publications (ADRP) [1 per ADP] Detailed information on fundamentals Field Manuals (FM) [50 FMs] Tactics andProcedures Techniques Techniques Techniques Techniques Techniques Techniques Army Techniques Pubs (ATP) Authenticated version on APD Input through wiki version

3. Army Doctrine Publications (ADP) VideoBook Demo • A Department of the Army Publication that contains the “Fundamental principles by which the military forces or elements thereof guide their actions in support of national objectives. It is authoritative but requires judgment in application (JP 1-02).” • Explains the fundamentals of the subject and how these support ADP 3-0, Operations. • ADP 1 (The Army), 3-0 (Unified Land Operations), 7-0 (Training), and 6-22 (Army Leadership) are approved by the Chief of Staff of the Army. All other ADPs approved by the CAC CG. • Generally limited to approximately 10 pages.

4. Army Doctrine Reference Publications (ADRP) IMI Demo ADRP 3-28 • ADPs are supported by an ADRP - “detailed explanation of all doctrinal principles whichprovide the foundational understanding so everyone in the Army can interpret it the same way.” • Army Doctrine (Department of the Army Publication) of less than 100 pages and approved by the CAC CG.

5. Field Manuals (FM) Field Manual Field Manual Field Manual Field Manual Field Manual Field Manual Doctrine Knowledge Map Demo • Army Doctrine (Department of the Army Publication) that lays out tactics and procedures: • Main body (maximum of 200 pages) contains tactics -“The employment and ordered arrangement of forces in relation to each other (JP 1-02).” • Appendices contain procedures - “standard, detailed steps that prescribe how to perform specific tasks (JP 1-02”). Procedures require stringent adherence to steps without variance. • Describes how the Army executes operations described in ADP. • FMs are approved by the CAC CG as the TRADOC proponent for Army Doctrine. • There will be 50 FMs.

6. Doctrine 2015 FMs FM 3-90/2 Recon, Security and Enabling Tasks FM 3-90/1 Offense And Defense FM 3-07 Stability Operations FM 3-05 Army Special Operations FM 6-0 Commander and Staff Officer Guidance FM 2-0 Intelligence FM 3-09 Field Artillery Operations FM 4-95 Logistics Operations Decisive Action FM 3-97 Stryker Brigade Combat Team Operations FM 3-96 Armored Brigade Combat Team Operations FM 3-95 Infantry Brigade Combat Team Operations FM 3-98 Recon and Security Organizations FM 7-15 Army Universal Task List FM 6-99 Report and Message Format FM 5-02 Operational Environment FM 27-10 The Law of Land Warfare Warfighting Functions Reference Publications FM 1-04 Legal Support to the Operational Army FM 3-01 Air and Missile Defense Operations FM 3-11 CBRN Operations FM 3-39 Military Police Operations FM 1-06 Financial Management Operations FM 3-34 Engineer Operations FM 3-04 Aviation Operations FM 1-05 Religious Support FM 3-55 Information Collection FM 3-81 Maneuver Enhancement BDE FM 1-0 Human Resources Support FM 4-30 Ordnance Operations FM 3-53 Military Information Support Operations FM 3-94 Echelons Above Brigade FM 4-40 Quarter-master Operations FM 4-02 Army Health System FM 3-57 Civil Affairs FM 3-61 Army Public Affairs FM 6-02 Signal Support to Operations FM 4-01 Transport-ation Other Echelons Branches FM 3-22 Army Support to Security Cooperation FM 3-24 Counter- insurgency FM 3-14 Army Space Operations FM 3-13 Inform and Influence Activities FM 3-16 Multinational Operations FM 2-22.3 HUMINT Collector Operations FM 7-22 Army Physical Readiness Training FM 3-27 Army Global Ballistic Missile Defense Operations Special Category FM 3-63 Internment and Resettlement FM 3-99 Airborne and Air Assault Operations FM 3-52 Airspace Control FM 3-38 Cyber- Electromagnetic Activities FM 3-50 Personnel Recovery Types of Operations/Activities

7. Army Techniques Pubs Departmental Publication milWiki Demo On Wiki Site – Feeder for changes to approved pub • Publicationsthat contain techniques - “Non-prescriptive ways or methods used to perform missions, functions, or tasks (JP 1-02).” • Each authenticated techniques pub has a draft version on a Wiki site: • Wiki version allows input from the field to rapidly change approved publication • Each technique pub has an assigned proponent responsible for monitoring input via Wiki and making changes to the authenticated publication. • No limit on the size of techniques or how many separate documents. • Approval authority is the proponent. Draft Techniques Techniques Techniques Techniques Draft Techniques Draft Techniques Draft Techniques Techniques Techniques Draft Techniques Draft Techniques Techniques

8. Doctrine 2015 Transition Timeline • 31 Aug 2012: ADP/ADRPs complete Done (except ADRPs 1 & 3-28) • 31 Dec 2013: All Doctrine 2015 FMs complete • 31 Dec 2015: All remaining knowledge transitioned to Army Techniques Publications with a draft version of each on a milwiki site 8

9. UNCLASSIFIED ADP 1 – The Army The Army’s Roles The Army’s Mission - Fight and win the Nation’s wars through prompt and sustained land combat, as part of the joint force Our Profession Prevent Shape Win Trust Military Expertise Esprit de Corps Honorable Service Stewardship Military & civilian professionals Core Competencies ADP 1 THE ARMY Combined arms maneuver Wide area security Enabling Competencies Our Continuing Duty Security cooperation Force Tailoring Entry operations Mission command Support joint & Army forces DSCA Mobilize & integrate the Reserve Components Win the current fight Develop the Future Army Maintain reserve readiness All-volunteer force Develop future leaders Strengthen the profession Soldiers for life SEPTEMBER 2012 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY The Army is Landpower 9

10. 1905 1910 1913 1914 1923 1939 1941 1944 The 19th edition of the Army’s capstone operational doctrine 1949 1954 1962 1968 1976 1982 1986 1993 2001 2008 2011 • Reasons for Change • Significant recent operational experience • Evolving policy and doctrine • Joint and Army transformation 1905-1938: Field Service Regulations 1939-2000: FM 100-5, Operations 2001-2008: FM 3-0, Operations 2011- : ADP/ADRP 3-0, Unified Land Operations 10

11. Enduring Themes • Emphasis on Leadership and Soldiers • Importance of Initiative • Mission Command • The Operational Environment • Simultaneous Offense, Defense, Stability or DSCA • Concept of Combat Power • Warfighting Functions • Operations Process • Joint Interdependence • Principles of War • Operational Art • Unified Action 2008 11

12. Changes • New, Added, or Significantly Modified • Range of Military Operations • Operational Concept - Unified Land Operations • Decisive Action • Core Competencies • Tenets • Operational Art • Army Design Methodology • Operational Framework • Eliminated • Full Spectrum Operations • Spectrum of Conflict • Operational Themes 2008 12

13. 13

14. Range of Military Operations ROMO replaces both Spectrum of Conflict and Operational Themes 14

15. The Operational Environment • Anticipated Operational Environment • US must project power into region, opposed. • US must seize at least one base of operations (maybe more). • Threat of WMD will require dispersal of US forces and decentralized operations. • Size of theater (space and population) will exceed US ability to control. A composite of the conditions, circumstances, and influences that affect the employment of capabilities and bear on the decisions of the commander (JP 1-02). OPERATIONAL VARIABLES MISSION VARIABLES Operational Environment replaces battlespace as a term. Operational Environment is not the Area of Operations. 15

16. The Operating Concept “The Army’s operating concept is the core of its doctrine. It must be uniformly known and understood within the Service . . .” Unified Land Operations …describes how the Army seizes, retains, and exploits the initiative to gain and maintain a position of relative advantage in sustained land operations through simultaneous offensive, defensive, and stability operations in order to prevent or deter conflict, prevail in war, and create the conditions for favorable conflict resolution. Unified Land Operations replaces Full Spectrum Operations as the Army’s Operational Concept The operating concept describes how Army forces adapt to meet the distinct requirements of unified land operations . . . broad enough to describe operations now and in the near future . . . flexible enough to apply in any situation worldwide. 16

17. Decisive Action - The simultaneous combinations of offensive, defensive, and stability or defense support of civil authorities tasks. - Operations outside the U. S. and its territories simultaneously combine three elements—offense, defense, and stability. - Within the U. S. and its territories, decisive action combines the elements of defense support of civil authorities (DSCA) and, as required, offense and defense to support homeland defense. - The emphasis on different elements of decisive action changes with echelon, time, and location. Decisive Action replaces Full Spectrum Operations as the Army term for simultaneous combinations of Offense, Defense, and Stability/DSCA tasks. Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA) replaces Civil Support 17

18. Army Core Competencies - Combined Arms Maneuver - is the application of the elements of combat power in unified action to defeat enemy ground forces; to seize, occupy, and defend land areas; and to achieve physical, temporal, and psychological advantages over the enemy to seize and exploit the initiative. - Wide Area Security - is the application of the elements of combat power in unified action to protect populations, forces, infrastructure, and activities; to deny the enemy positions of advantage; and to consolidate gains in order to retain the initiative. - Combined arms maneuver and wide area security provide the Army a focus and construct for understanding how Army forces use combined arms to achieve success. - As core competencies, they uniquely define what the Army provides the joint force commander . 18

19. Operational Art Operational art is cognitive approach by commanders and staffs—supported by their skill, knowledge, experience, creativity, and judgment—to develop strategies, campaigns, and operations to organize and employ military forces by integrating ends, ways, and means (JP 3-0) - For Army forces, operational art is the pursuit of strategic objectives, in whole or in part, through the arrangement of tactical actions in time, space, and purpose. - Operational art applies to all aspects of operations and integrates ends, ways, and means, while accounting for risk, across the levels of war. - Operational art spans a continuum—from comprehensive strategic direction to concrete tactical actions. - Army commanders plan and execute major operations, battles, engagements, and activities to achieve military objectives in support of the joint force commander’s campaign plan. Elements of Operational Art End state and conditions Basing Center of Gravity* Tempo Decisive points* Phasing and transitions Lines of Operations and Lines of Effort* Culmination* Operational reach* Risk (* Common to elements of operational design) The Army does not conduct campaigns. Joint force headquarters plan and execute campaigns and major operations, while Service…components of the joint force conduct subordinate supporting and supported major operations, battles, and engagements, not independent campaigns. JP 5-0, page II-22 19

20. Operational Framework The operational framework has three ways to conceptually organize operations. Decisive-Shaping-Sustaining Operations: The decisive-shaping sustaining framework lends itself to a broad conceptual orientation based on purpose. Deep-Close-Security Operations: Historically associated with terrain orientation, but can be also applied to temporal and organizational orientations. ADRP 3-0 defines deep, close, and support areas. Main and Support Efforts: The main and supporting efforts framework focuses on prioritizing effort among subordinate units. Operational Framework Decisive-Shaping-Sustaining Deep-Close-Security Main-Supporting Efforts 20

21. DIV Main Linear AO • Authorities/Responsibilities when assigned an AO • Terrain Management • Intelligence Collection • Civil Affairs Activities • Movement Control (air/ground) • Clearance of Fires • Security • Personnel Recovery • Environmental Considerations XX FSCL BCT AO XX OBJ XX BCT AO X X XX X X X MEB AO BCT AO OBJ X BCT AO X BCT AO MEB AO X DIV X X X Main XX MEB AO Support Area X Deep Area Support Area X Close Area Close Area Deep Area X X X XX X X X XX XX X X X X SUST X OBJ X X X X X X DIV XX X BCT AO BCT AO BCT AO Main FSCL X X X X X X X XX SUST SUST XX XX XX Non-Linear & Contiguous AO Non-Linear & Non-Contiguous AO 21

22. Other Doctrine

23. Mission Command and The Operations Process 23

24. Evolving Concepts of Mission Command 1982 1993 2001 2008 2012 Art of Command, Science of Control, CDR’s Intent, Unity of Command, Initiative, Mission Orders Constant Mission Command (Philosophy) 2010 Mission command replaces battle command and C2 Battle Command (Enemy oriented) MC WFF Command, Control, Communications C2 Battlefield Operation System C2 WFF Evolving • Known enemy • Top down understanding and detailed control • Static command post and staff oriented processes • Limited network • Complex environments across the range of military operations • Bottom up understanding and more decentralized control • Commander centric • Network enabled • Technological advances • Lessons learned Panama Somalia Cold War Afghanistan Persistent conflict Desert Storm Balkans Iraq FSO/ Modular Force (2008) Unified Land Operations (2012) AirLand Battle (1982) War & MOOTW (1993) FSO (2001)

25. Central Idea of Mission Command Nature of Operations Army forces conduct operations in a complex, ever-changing, and uncertain operational environment across a range of military operations. To win in this environment the Army exercises … Mission Command (A Philosophy of Command) Exercise of authority and direction by the commander using mission orders to enable disciplined initiative within the commander’s intent to empower agile and adaptive leaders in the conduct of unified land operations. Executed through the… Mission Command Warfighting Function The related tasks and systems that develop and integrate those activities enabling a commander to balance the art of command and the science of control in order to integrate the other warfighting functions. The Army’s approach to mission command unifies the philosophy of commandwith the warfighting function.

26. Mission Command Exercise of authority and direction by the commander using mission orders to enable disciplined initiative within the commander’s intent to empower agile and adaptive leaders in the conduct of unified land operations. Mission Command Warfighting Function The related tasks and systems that develop and integrate those activities enabling a commander to balance the art of command and the science of control in order to integrate the other warfighting functions. Guides The principles of mission command assist commanders and staff in balancing the Art of Command with the Science of Control • Build cohesive teams through mutual trust - Exercise disciplined initiative • Create shared understanding - Use mission orders • - Provide a clear commander's intent - Accept prudent risk As a warfighting function, mission command consists of the related tasks and a mission command systemthat support the exercise of authority and direction by the commander. • Commander Tasks: • Drive the operations process through the activities of understand, visualize, describe, direct, lead and assess  • Develop teams, both within their own organizations and with unified action partners  • Inform and influence audiences, inside and outside their organizations • Staff Tasks: • Conduct the operations process (plan, prepare, execute, assess) • Conduct knowledge management and information management • Conduct inform and influence activities • Conduct cyber electromagnetic activities Leads Supports The mission command systemenables the exercise of authority and direction by the commander. • Mission Command System: • - Personnel - Processes and Procedures • Networks - Facilities and Equipment • Information Systems Together mission command and the mission command warfighting function guides, integrates, and synchronizes Army forces throughout the conduct of unified land operations.

27. Mission Command and Doctrine 2015 FM 3-53 FM 3-52 FM 3-13 FM 3-38 FM 6-0 FM 3-61 FM 6-02 FM 3-57 Cyber- Electromagnetic Activities Signal Support to Operations Inform and Influence Activities Public Affairs Operations Military Information Support Operations Airspace Control Civil Affairs Commander and Staff Organization and Operations Techniques Techniques Techniques Techniques

28. ADP 5-0 and ADRP 5-0 • Central Idea • Principles of the Operations Process • Planning • Preparing • Executing • Assessing

29. Central Idea The Operations Process The Army’s framework for exercising mission command is the operations process—the major mission command activities performed during operations: planning, preparing, executing, and continuously assessing the operation. Central idea… Commanders, supported by their staffs, use the operations process to drive the conceptual and detailed planning necessary to understand, visualize, and describe their operational environment; make and articulate decisions; and direct, lead, and assess military operations. Guided by the principles of… Guided by the principles of… • Commanders drive the operations process - Apply critical and creative thinking • Build and maintain situational understanding - Encourage collaboration and • dialogue 29

30. Principles of the Operations Process Commanders drive the operations process The commander’s role in the operations process was formerly know as “battle command”. Commanders are the most important participants in the operations process. While staffs perform essential functions that amply the effectiveness of operations, commanders drive the operations process through understanding, visualizing, describing, directing, leading, and assessing operations. 30

31. Principles of the Operations Process Commanders drive the operations process (continued) • The commander’s intent is a clear and concise expression of the purpose of the operation and the desired military end state that supports mission command, provides focus to the staff, and helps subordinate and supporting commanders act to achieve the commander’s desired results without further orders, even when the operation does not unfold as planned (JP 3-0). • The commander’s intent includes: • Purpose - an expanded description of the operation’s purpose beyond the “why” of the mission statement. • Key tasks – those significant activities the force as a whole must perform to achieve the desired end state. • End state – a description of the desired future conditions that represent success. • Adopts joint definition of commander’s intent • Reintroduces “key tasks” as a component of the commander’s intent

32. Planning Planning is the art and science of understanding a situation, envisioning a desired future, and laying out effective ways of bringing that future about (ADP 5-0). • Commanders focus planning. • Develop simple, flexible plans through mission orders. • Optimize available planning time. • Continually refine the plan. • Army design methodlogy • Military decisionmaking Process • Troop leading procedures Army planning methodologies Guidelines for effective planning Planning results in a plan and orders that communicates a common vision and synchronize the action of forces in time, space, and purpose to achieve objectives and accomplish missions. • Retitles “design” to “Army design methodlogy” • Modifies step 7 of the MDMP from “orders production” to “orders production, dissemination, and transition”. • Details of the MDMP, TLP, and the OPORD format is now in ATTP 5-0.1.

33. Execution Execution is putting a plan into action by applying combat power to accomplish the mission (ADP 5‑0). *

34. Doctrine 2015 FM 6-0 • Ch 1: Mission Command & Operations Process Overview • Ch 2: Command Post Organization and Operations • Ch 3: Staff Duties and Responsibilities • Ch 4: Managing Knowledge and Information • Ch 5: Critical and Creative Thinking • Ch 6: Problem Solving • Ch 7: Staff Studies • Ch 8: Decision Papers • Ch 9: Military Briefings • Ch 10: Running Estimates • Ch 11: The Military Decisionmaking Process • Ch 12: Troop Leading Procedures • Ch 13: Military Deception • Ch 14: Rehearsals • Ch 15: Liaison • Ch 16: Assessment Plans • Ch 17: After Action Reviews • App A: Army Command and Support Relationships • App B: Plans and Orders Formats • App C: Annex Formats FM 6-0 Commanderand Staff Organization and Operations Blue = New Material

35. UNCLASSIFIED ADP/ADRP 7-0 Training Units and Developing Leaders Doctrine Overview Concepts How-To Unit Training Management on the Army Training Network (ATN) https://atn.army.mil • Train leaders to train . . . achieve “training overmatch” and return to commander-centric training • Army’s Operations & Training Management Processes are the same: plan, prepare, execute and assess • Integrate leader development objectives into training objectives using Training Management Process • Web-based tools (ATN/CATS/DTMS) enable training management 35

36. FM 3-22 • Framework for Army forces to support Combatant Commander’s objectives by, with, and through Theater Armies that: • build defense and security relationships and promote specific U.S. security interests • develop friendly and allied military capabilities for self-defense and multinational operations • provide U.S. forces with peacetime and contingency access to host nations • In-depth discussion of how the Army plans, prepares, executes and assesses security cooperation activities and associated tasks • Focuses on security cooperation planning, execution and the attributes of the advisorin Unified Land Operations across the range of military operations. • Combined fundamentals of Security Cooperation, Security Assistance, Security Force Assistance and Foreign Internal Development. 22

37. Important Web Sites The Army Publishing Directorate (go to Doctrine and Training Publications on the Publications pull-down menu) - http://www.apd.army.mil/ The Doctrinal Term update section that only includes quarterly doctrinal term changes (current quarter changes): https://www.milsuite.mil/book/docs/DOC-25269 An "Army Doctrine Term Changes Historical Database" that provides current and past terminology changes (perpetual living document): https://www.milsuite.mil/book/docs/DOC-40298 Current Army doctrine terminology can be found at the "Army Dictionary“ JDEIS website. This website is updated once a month in an effort to maintain current Army doctrine terminology (terms and acronyms). https://jdeis.js.mil/jdeis/index.jsp?pindex=207