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5.3. IDENTIFYING MINERALS

5.3. IDENTIFYING MINERALS. *Mineralogy: the study of minerals and their properties. 1. Rock-Forming Minerals. Minerals that make up most of the rocks in Earth’s crust Most of rock-forming minerals are silicates. 2. Identifying Minerals. (1) Color some minerals have characteristics colors.

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5.3. IDENTIFYING MINERALS

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  1. 5.3.IDENTIFYING MINERALS *Mineralogy: the study of minerals and their properties

  2. 1. Rock-Forming Minerals • Minerals that make up most of the rocks in Earth’s crust • Most of rock-forming minerals are silicates.

  3. 2. Identifying Minerals (1) Color some minerals have characteristics colors

  4. (2)Streak: The powdered form of a mineral

  5. (3) Luster • Describes how light reflects off the surface

  6. (4)Density • Each mineral has a characteristic density (ex) calcite: density 2.7 g/㎤

  7. (5)Mineral Hardness • Ability to scratch another mineral • MohsHardness Scale :from 1 (talc) to 10 (diamond)

  8. Mohs Hardness Scale 1.0TALC 2.0GYPSUM 2.5 FINGERNAIL 3.0CALCITE 3.5COPPER PENNY 4.0Fluorite 5.0 APATITE 5.5STEEL KNIFE BLADE/GLASS PLATE 6.0FELDSPAR 7.0QUARTZ 8.0TOPAZ 9.0CORUNDUM (RUBY) 10.0 DIAMOND

  9. (6) Crystal Systems • The crystals of each mineral grow atom by atom to form that mineral’s crystal structure. • Crystals in an open space can be almost perfectly formed. But crystals that grow in a tight space are often incompletely formed.

  10. (7) Cleavage / Fracture • Some minerals split easily along flat surfaces when struck hard: Cleavage • Other minerals break unevenly along rough or curved surfaces: Fracture • A few minerals have both cleavage and fracture

  11. (ex) Cleavage • graphite: The carbon atoms in graphite form sheets that could split apart easily in layers.

  12. Minerals with carbonates react with dilute HCl and other acids by fizzing or bubbling (releasing CO2 gas) (ex)Calcite (8)Special Characteristics①Acid Test

  13. ②Salty Taste • (ex) Halite: rock salt

  14. ③Magnetism • Magnetite attracts iron nails.

  15. ④Fluorescence • Minerals that glow under ultraviolet light have a property known as fluorescence (ex) Sheelite

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