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Current Paradigms in Psychopathology and Therapy. Thomas G. Bowers, Ph.D. Current Paradigms . An overview: Biological Psychoanalytic Humanistic & existential Learning Cognitive . Biological . Medical or disease model Sprang from germ theory Contemporary approaches Behavioral genetics
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Current Paradigms in Psychopathology and Therapy Thomas G. Bowers, Ph.D.
Current Paradigms • An overview: • Biological • Psychoanalytic • Humanistic & existential • Learning • Cognitive
Biological • Medical or disease model • Sprang from germ theory • Contemporary approaches • Behavioral genetics • Genotypes • Phenotypes • Diathesis • Twin studies (MZ v. DZ)
Biological • Biochemistry of CNS • Neurons • Neurotransmitters • Synapse • Evaluation • Physiology is tempting • Problems in reductionism
Psychoanalysis • Classical theory • Psyche • Id • Ego • Superego • Motivated by psychic energy • Libido • Unconscious
Psychoanalytic • Stages of psychosexual development • Oral (-18 months) • Anal (18- 36 months) • Phallic (age 3 - 5) • Latency (~6 – 12) • Genital (13 +) • Fixation can occur, and regression under stress
Psychoanalytic • Complexes • Oedipus • Electra • Some therapeutic aspects • Transference • Countertransference • Lengthy treatment
Psychoanalytic • Evaluation • Critical views, but fundamental aspects of psychoanalysis may be useful
Humanistic and Existential • Roger’s client-centered view • Positive view of human kind • Unconditional positive regard • Empathy • Genuineness • Gestalt therapy • Difficult to evaluate
Learning Theories • Behaviorism • Classical conditioning – Pavlov • Operant conditioning – Watson • Later developments • Thorndike • Mediational models • Behavior therapy • Strong empirical basis
Learning Theories • Behaviorism • Skinner’s Theoretical Contributions
Cognitive Theories • Basis • Refers to schema (cognitive set) • Developed by Beck, Ellis • Strong empirical basis for treatment
Attempts at Integration • Diathesis-stress model • Eclecticism