Middle Eastern Clothing Customs and religion

1. Middle Eastern Clothing Customs and religion Lesson #502

2. 1. Describe “proper” attire for Americans (in public) 2. Describe “proper” attire for Americans (in home) 3. Is it different? 4. Why?

3. Which is not appropriate for school?

4. Which is not appropriate for school? Why? How do you know? What if someone came in dressed like the girls in the bottom row? Is there a reason why this is considered inappropriate?

5. Women cover up for several reasons

6. Four schools of thought for women • Cover Completely • Cover head and body • Cover head • Dress modestly

7. Why do women cover at all? • Do you think this is abusive? • Is it unfair? • Why do women have to cover up, but men don’t have to? • Where does this custom come from?

8. Clothing in the Middle East • Based on ancient customs & religion • Women are to be respected and covered • Both men and women should wear “loose” clothing • Women should NEVER reveal their femininity FROM THE KORAN: (surah 24:30–31) “…believing women should lower their gaze and guard their modesty; that they should not display their beauty and ornaments …except to their family…”

9. The covering of women • Cover up feminism with a scarf called Hijab • It is NOT Muslim, it’s cultural. • The reason is for modesty • No man outside the family should ever see a woman’s femininity • If a man does, it’s an insult to the entire family • Keeps men from fighting to protect women • Many women see this as liberation • Many “westerners” see it as a symbol for control over women. They see this as a form of slavery for women • France even outlawed it…

10. Your opinion • Do you think this is a sign of slavery of women? • What if was a law that women must cover up, and men don’t, would it be an unjust law? • Should the law NOT ALLOW for this style of dress? • Should women be allowed to be covered in places where it’s considered not appropriate? • Should we encourage the expression of culture? • Or, should we, like France, see this as slavery and outlaw it? • Should a Muslim woman in the military be allowed to wear this in place of normal military head covering?

11. women Hijab • Cover up feminism (called ) • Keeps men from fighting to protect women click Niqab Burka Chador

14. Men • For comfort (cool in desert heat) • Men hold hands with man friends (NEVER women) Keffiyeh Gellabiya

17. 1. Describe “proper” eating customs for Americans (during holidays) 2. Describe “proper” eating customs for Americans (on a regular basis) 3. Holidays are “traditional”

18. Traditional Eating in Middle East • With hands • Right hand ONLY (or scoop with pita bread) • Hospitality (always welcoming) • On ground • Do NOT show bottom of shoe

19. What Foods do you see?

20. Why is it proper to have only one spouse?

21. Why does PDA bother some people?

22. Social Norms in Middle East • Rare to see public drunkenness • Rare to see PDA • Rare to see or hear of crime • VERY conservative • Marriages seldom end in divorce • Polygamy tolerated (4 wives in Islam) • Turkish Coffee (very thick and lots of caffeine)

23. Changes in Iran

24. Iran – Rick Steves • Describe Iran, according to this film

25. Religion in the MIDDLE EAST

26. Islam ISLAM The religion is called The people are called MUSLIMS

27. ISLAM: Submission to the Will of Allah

28. Muhammad Founder: Born: Mecca in year 570 Married: in year 590 Died: in year 630

29. Foundations of Islam: Judeo-Christian

30. Christianity Judaism Islam

31. Founder Abram Abraham (Father of Many) c. 2000 BCE Wife Sarai (Sarah) Servant Hagar ISAAC ISHMAEL Jews Muslims

32. The Spread After That

33. Describe what Islam has in common with other religions

34. What makes Islam different than other religions? (this will be asked again later)

35. Basics of Islam • Muslims are strict monotheists. • They believe in a single God, which they call Allah. • Muslims believe that the Torah and the Bible, like the Qur’an, is the word of God. Peoples of the Book Jews & Christians:

36. The Qur'an: God's Last Revelation

37. The Qur’an • Muslims believe it contains the word of God. • 114 suras (chapters). • In the name of Allah, the compassionate, the merciful. • Written in Arabic.

38. The Origins of the Qur’an • Muhammad received his first revelation from the angel Gabriel in 610. • 622 (Hegirah)Muhammedfled Mecca for Medina.* The beginning of the Muslim calendar (1 A.H.) • Muhammad’s revelations were compiled into the Qur’an after his death.

39. The Five Pillars of Islam 1. Proclaim Allah is the only God 2. Daily Prayer 3. Money to the poor 4. Fasting one month/year 5. Visit holy city of Mecca

40. The Five Pillars Of Islam What all Muslims are expected to do…

41. The Dar al-Islam The Worldof Islam 1 2 3 4 5

42. 1. The Shahada The declaration of faith: There is no god worthy of worship except God, and Muhammad is His Messenger 1 In your words:

43. 2. The Salat • The mandatory prayers performed 5 times a day:* dawn* noon* late afternoon * sunset * before going to bed • Wash before praying. • Face Mecca, • on your knees using a prayer rug. 2

44. 2. The Salat • The call to prayer by themuezzin in the minaret. • Pray in the mosque on Friday. 2

45. Describe the aspects of the Salat

46. 3. The Zakat • Almsgiving (charitable donations). • Muslims believe that all things belong to God. • Zakat means both “purification” and “growth.” • About 2.5% of your income. 3

47. 4. The Sawm • Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan. • Considered a method of self- purification. • No eating or drinking from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan. 4

48. What problems can the Sawm cause?Should anyone be excluded?

49. Eid Mubarak End of the Ramadan holiday.

50. 5. The Hajj • The pilgrimage to Mecca. • Must be done at least once in a Muslim’s lifetime. • 2-3 million Muslims make the pilgrimage every year. • Walk around the • kKABBA 5