Pre-treatments (Patrick Carré – Creol)

1. Pre-treatments(Patrick Carré – Creol) How oil extraction technology affects the valorisation of oilseeds April 29th 2009

2. CREOL • Spin-off of CETIOM (technical branch of the French oilseeds producers) • Oil-mill pilot plant • Turnover: € 600 000 • Staff: 4,3 full time workers • Activity: R&D (60%), toll extraction (40%) April 29th 2009

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6. Dehulling Flaking PREPARATION Flakes Pressing oil Pressing Désolventization Cake Distillation Meal Pelletizing Extraction oil EXTRACTION Pelletizing Crude oil Pellets Seeds The processing of rapeseed & sunflower Cleaning Cracking Cooking Hexane Extraction Marc Miscella April 29th 2009

7. Seeds biorefining • Better use of the non-oil seed products • Extraction and purification of the component for the production of higher value materials.  What is available in our seeds ? April 29th 2009

8. Rapeseed components Kernels : 87% - Hulls 13 % April 29th 2009

9. Sunflower components Kernels: 75 % - Hulls 25 % April 29th 2009

10. Valorisation of non-oil seed material • Hulls: • Rapeseed 15 % of proteins  possible use as substitute of dehydrated alfalfa • Sunflower  possible use as fuel for the supply of energy (cogeneration) April 29th 2009

11. Valorisation of non-oil seed material • Lignocellulosic fraction (hulls) • Proteins: • Rapeseed: 44 % of defatted kernels mass • Sunflower: 52 % of defatted kernels mass • Phenolic compounds • Oligosaccharides • Glucosinolates (Rapeseed) April 29th 2009

12. Feeding Hopper Power shaft target Propelling radiating channels Disk Outlet Rapeseed dehulling CETIOM dehuller (centrifuge propeller) target Feeding hopper Disk April 29th 2009

13. Dehulling of rapeseed Roll dehuller April 29th 2009

14. RIPPLE FLOW Flow adjustment gate Rotor Stator rippled Sunflower dehulling • Impact type Feeding hopper Centrifuge vertical propeller (Büler) / CPM ripple flow / Russian April 29th 2009

15. Extraction of the hulls • Large difference of density between hulls and kernels • Aspiration on fluidised bed • Flow of air • Electrostatics charges April 29th 2009

16. Purification of the kernels • Removing of the non-dehulled seeds: • Sieves • Specific gravity separator April 29th 2009

17. Dehulling: practical problems • Rapeseed  oil losses • 14 kg of oil / t of seeds • Around 33% of the profit margin • Sunflower  decreased hullability • Inverse correlation between oil content and hullability • Impossibility to get pure kernels April 29th 2009

18. Consequences of dehulling problems • Rapeseed: the valorisation of the kernels must compensate the losses • Sunflower: requirement for seeds with improved hullability • Both seeds: researches of better performances in hull separation. April 29th 2009

19. Valorisation of the proteins • Technical problems: • Dehulling (colour) • Expelling pure kernels • Degradation of the proteins during desolventzation April 29th 2009

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21. Expelling • Screw presses function thanks to the pressure carried out on the cake by the screw flight. • Dehulled material is too soft and behaves more like liquid than like solid. • In consequence regular screw press perform poor deoiling without cooking with PK  Preparation and pressing need to be improved to treat pure kernels April 29th 2009

22. Desolventization • Desorption of hexane in deoiled rapeseed is slow  flash desolventization (superheated hexane) is not sufficient • The technology must be improved to enable the production of deoiled material with high proteins solubility. April 29th 2009

23. Conclusion Main problems to solve • Dehulling: • oil residues in hulls • poor hullability of modern sunflowers • Mechanical extraction of oil in kernels • Desolventisation of rapeseed meal April 29th 2009