Bandwidth

1. Bandwidth Kevin Morrison kevinvmorrison@yahoo.com Management Information Systems MWF 1-1:50pm

2. Table of Content Subject Pages • Definition----------------------------------- 3 • Bandwidth Description------------------ 4-6 • Bandwidth Traffic------------------------- 7-10 • Bandwidth Interview Info.-------------- 11 • Bandwidth Interview--------------------- 12-14 • Bandwidth Uses-------------------------- 15 • Stealing Bandwidth---------------------- 16-18 • Steps to Avoid Bandwidth Theft------ 19-20 • Bibliography------------------------------- 21

3. Definition • (1) A range within a band of frequencies or wavelengths. • (2) The amount of data that can be transmitted in a fixed amount of time. For digital devices, the bandwidth is usually expressed in bits per second (bps) or bytes per second. For analog devices, the bandwidth is expressed in cycles per second, or Hertz (Hz). 1 1http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/b/bandwidth.html

4. Bandwidth • Every machine on the internet is connected by a cable (usually; there are other ways to connect computers, but cables are the most common, and all connections have and use bandwidth in the same way). This cable has a capacity; it can carry a certain amount of information, sort of like a water pipe carries water. At either end of this cable, there is some sort of computer which can send or receive data at a certain speed.

5. Bandwidth • The slowest of these three capacities is the bandwidth of the line; it's the fastest you can communicate between the ends. Think of the cable as a long tube with someone pouring water into it on one end, and someone draining it on the other. You can't take out more than was put in, and if you put it in too fast the water will spill (losing data). 2 2http://web.ask.com

6. Bandwidth • In computer networks, bandwidth is often used as a synonym for data transfer rate - the amount of data that can be carried from one point to another in a given time period (usually a second).

7. Bandwidth Traffic • A modem that works at 57,600 bps has twice the bandwidth of a modem that works at 28,800 bps. In general, a link with a high bandwidth is one that may be able to carry enough information to sustain the succession of images in a video presentation.3 3http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0%2C%2Csid7_gci211634%2C00.html

8. Bandwidth Traffic • A very simple analogy to use to understand bandwidth and traffic is to think of highways and cars. Bandwidth is the number of lanes on the highway and traffic is the number of cars on the highway.

9. Bandwidth Traffic cont. • If you are the only car on a highway, you can travel very quickly. If you are stuck in the middle of rush hour, you may travel very slowly since all of the lanes are being used up.

10. Bandwidth Traffic cont. • If you are the only car on a highway, you can travel very quickly. If you are stuck in the middle of rush hour, you may travel very slowly since all of the lanes are being used up.4 4http://internetvibes.net/article-87-.html

11. Bandwidth Interview Info. • Called made March 22,2005 at 9:36am • Spoke to Elizabeth a representative of COMPUSA tech repair department.

12. Bandwidth Interview • What is Bandwidth? Elizabeth: “The rate of speed information travels across phone or cable lines.” • How is it used today? Elizabeth: “All information accessed throughout the world uses bandwidth. Whether through the phone or computer bandwidth has always been used in some form to transfer information. Its has been around longer than people think.”

13. Bandwidth Interview cont. • How does a person steal bandwidth? Elizabeth: “It is only possible to steal bandwidth through wireless connections.” ( She didn’t want to go any further on the subject. She encouraged online research, simply for legal issues.) • Are there any solutions to bandwidth theft? Elizabeth: “ The best solution is to place software firewalls and hardware firewalls on all protected documents.”

14. Bandwidth Interview cont.2 • What does the future of bandwidth look like? Elizabeth: “Bandwidth will continued to be used throughout the information age. If anything there will probably be discoveries on ways for it to run faster and be even more efficient.” • Will there be any upgrades to replace the need for bandwidth in the future? Elizabeth: “Upgrades are definitely possible. There always be improvements made to bandwidth, but replacing it doesn’t seem to be happening any time soon. The technology world will always find new discoveries and ways to make things better, so who knows what may be possible.”

15. Bandwidth Uses - To calculate bandwidth, you need to considera) the size of your pages (or website)b) the number of visitors to your websitec) the kind of files you offer your visitors. - Most personal websites have only a small amount of data transfer, as their websites are small in file size and they do not have a lot of visitors. Business and professional sites are larger with more visitors and therefore use more data transfer. Some sites may be significantly larger, especially if they offer many graphics, audio, video or download files.5 5http://developers.evrsoft.com/article/webdevelopment/mobilewirelesscomputing/bandwih-explained.shtml

16. Stealing Bandwidth • Linking directly to an object on another server by any means (again, excluding HTML-type pages) is bandwidth stealing, unless that is specifically allowed by the terms and conditions of the host provider. • This happens when you include an image, sound, movie, zip file or other similar object directly in your web pages (note that linking to a web page on another site is NOT bandwidth stealing). 6 6http://www.tipz.net/sins_bandwidth.htm

17. Stealing Bandwidth • You can also think of bandwidth similar to the electricity your refrigerator takes to run. When someone links directly to an image on someone else's server instead of copying it to their own computer and then uploading it to their own server, it is similar to your neighbor running a cord over to your outlet to run his own refrigerator. While it is convenient for him, it is the person that has the plug-in that has to pay for the extra usage.7

18. Stealing Bandwidth cont. • There are many servers that set a limit to the amount of bandwidth a site may use each month and after that limit is reached,  a site may be closed and the webmaster sent a large bill that must be paid before they can open their site again. Some artists can not afford this and may be forced to closed permanently. If you really admire the artist's who's work you are using help them keep their sites open by not stealing their bandwidth.7

19. There are some very simple steps that you can take to unsure that you are not stealing someone else's bandwidth. 1.) Always copy the images you want to use to your own computer, and them upload them to the directory on your own site.  To copy an image using a PC. Hold your mouse over the image you want to copy and click the right mouse button. When the drop down menu appears select Save As and you will be given another menu so you can select the file name and location of where you want to save the image. On A Mac, hold down the right mouse button and follow a similar route. 7

20. Avoid Bandwidth Theft 2.) Make sure that the image is being loaded from your own directory instead of the site where you original got it. If the image you want to load is in the same directory as the page you want to display it on, the HTML code is simply <img src="the path, name an extension of the image"> Example: <img src=roundball.gif> Note your code should never look like:<imgsrc="http://www.someone_else'sserver.com/artistsdirectory/nameofimage.gif"> 7 7http://cstern.sphosting.com/csdesigns/linking.html

21. Bibliography • 1.http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/b/bandwidth.html 2. http://web.ask.com 3.http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0%2C%2Csid7_gci 211634%2C00.html 4.http://internetvibes.net/article-87-.html 5. http://developers.evrsoft.com/article/web-development/mobile-wireless- computing/bandwidth-explained.shtml • 6. http://www.tipz.net/sins_bandwidth.htm 7. http://cstern.sphosting.com/csdesigns/linking.html