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Perlaksanaan Polisi

Perlaksanaan Polisi. Setelah memutuskan instrumen polisi….. Bimbingan Kewangan Aktiviti/pelan tindakan Perundangan.

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Perlaksanaan Polisi

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  1. Perlaksanaan Polisi

  2. Setelah memutuskan instrumen polisi….. • Bimbingan • Kewangan • Aktiviti/pelan tindakan • Perundangan

  3. Perlaksanaan merujuk kepada perlaksanaan dasar awam Antara faktor yang mempengaruhi perlaksanaan polisi:- kapasiti pihak-pihak terlibat (pihak pentadbir, agensi dll) untuk melaksanakan dasar yang telah ditetapkan. - dinamika kumpulan samada kumpulan informal, parti pembangkang dan sebagainya.- sokongan pihak pemerintah. Perlaksanaan Polisi

  4. Perlaksanaan BerterusanPenghakisan Secara PerlahanPertambahan KumulatifPembaharuan POLICY IMPLEMENTATION

  5. Perlaksanaan Polisi Berterusan • Polisi yang berjaya dan masih dilaksanakan. • Wawasan 2020: Menjadikan Malaysia sebuah negara maju sepenuhnya pada tahun 2020 2020 Starting Point: 1991 Current: 2008

  6. Penghakisan Secara Perlahan • Polisi yang pada mulanya berjaya tetapi akhirnya gagal secara perlahan. Seperti Bunga Api

  7. Contoh: Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) Project A national policy towards ICT Launched in 1996 To gear Malaysian economy rapidly into the digital age To bridge the digital divide (within Malaysia & between countries)

  8. Declining Policy Implementation Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) Project Creation of Cyberjaya & Putrajaya ‘Smart Cities’ Work electronically IT Nirvana…Malaysians & foreigners work hand in hand in hand for multimedia developments

  9. BUT • Asian financial crisis 1997 – 1998 • The political struggle btwn Dr. M and Anwar • Cause capital flight from Asia Yes..internet users increase, but the MSC project was not as successful as it was envisioned to be.

  10. Cumulative Policy Implementation • Starts of small and ends up big…

  11. Cumulative Policy Implementation NATIONAL POLICY ON BATIK PROMOTION

  12. Revived Policy Implementation • A policy that begins to shutter but was saved by certain changes (environmental or support) PERTANIAN

  13. 2 Phases of Policy Implementation • Law : rules and laws are created so that policy could be implemented. • Action : All the programs and activities carried out by responsible agents/institutions to realize the policy

  14. Key Tasks for ImplementationPlanning • Responsible agents • Timeline: Determine when the policy goal should be achieved –short, long, medium.. • Promotion to target groups • Assure mechanism of accountability • Evaluation

  15. Responsible Agents

  16. Timeline

  17. Promotion

  18. Assure Mechanism of Enforcement & Accountability

  19. Evaluation

  20. Enforcement Failure • Sometimes policies are unsuccessful due to enforcement failure.

  21. Reasons for Enforcement Failure • Resource Constraints Enforcing the policy would be too costly due to the number of staff or administrative requirements

  22. Reasons for Enforcement Failure • Inappropriate implementation strategy Overly complex policy strategies can lead to failure in delivery of a policy. CAUSE EFFECT Failure Of Policy Over complex strategies that weakens the cause and effect link

  23. Reasons for Enforcement Failure • Wrong Implementation Organization Sometimes the chosen agency is inappropriate for the task because: • No prior experience • Mismatch between agency’s expertise and culture with that of stakeholder’s. • No operational expertise

  24. Reasons for Enforcement Failure • Inappropriate Choice of Policy Instrument Example: Smoking issue

  25. Reasons for Enforcement Failure • Communication Mistakes Failure to communicate to implementing agencies, developers of policy instrument, or due to incorrect interpretation of the policy

  26. Reasons for Enforcement Failure • Operational Impracticality Inadequate resources; inadequate training of implementation agents; delay in operations (and the nature of problem has changed); failure to plan implementation sequence

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