Transportation and Early Industrialization from 1800 - 1860

1. Transportation and Early Industrialization from 1800 - 1860 Leaving the horse and buggy in its wake Essay 2,6,8

2. Transportation Developments • Unpaved roads • Paved turnpikes (toll roads) • National Road (Cumberland Road) • Canal building • Steamboat (Fulton) • Clipper ships

3. Transportation Change - Economic • National market economy developed • Freights rates reduced • Agricultural commodities and farm product values went up • Ohio, Indiana and Illinois became the breadbasket • Extended slavery • Industrialization emerges

4. Transportation Change - Economic • Gibbons v. Ogden • the federal commerce clause, in effect, outranked a state law that had granted a monopoly to one group of people. • Charles River Bridge case • The interests of the community are more important than the interests of business; the supremacy of society’s interest over private interest • Clay’s American System

5. Transportation Change - Social • Urbanization began • Westward Movement • Education spread • Admission of new states • Immigration • Irish and German • Lowell Factory System

6. Effects of Transportation • The first major transportation project linking the East to the trans-Allegheny West • Lancaster Turnpike • The turnpikes, canals, and steamboats as new transportation links encouraged • lowering of freight rates • economic growth • rising land values • migration of peoples 1, 8

7. Effects of Transportation cont • The Erie Canal revolutionized domestic markets • transfer of goods from New York to New Orleans along inland waterways • tied the manufacturing of the East to the farming of the West • Population movement between 1790 and 1840 • the Atlantic coast to the areas between the Appalachians and the Mississippi River 54, 56

8. Industrialization • Rise of the factory system • The most profound economic development by mid-19c America • The rise of manufacturing in the United States • stoppages of trade by the embargoes and the War of 1812. • The American system of manufacturing, which emerged in the early 1800s • interchangeable parts to allow for mass production of high-quality items. 53, 64, 65

9. Industrialization • The beginning of the Early American Industrial Revolution during the early 1800s • technological advances imported from England • the appearance of better transportation systems • new inventions such as the cotton gin • backing from the Constitution 59

10. Industrialization • During the 1820s and 1830s, the growth of business was assisted by all of the following developments • specialization of stores • improvement in the distribution of goods • emergence of new general incorporation laws • favorable Supreme Court decisions • Effects on slavery in the South • rapid growth in the textile industry encouraged Southern planters to grow cotton, thereby making slavery more important to the economy. 61, 63

11. Clay’s American System • Protective tariffs • Internal improvements • Increased trade between all sections of the country • Federal funds for a national transportation system 73

12. Workers in Early Factories • The "Lowell System" • employment of young women who were then housed in dormitories • The paternalistic factory system did not last long • in the highly competitive textile market, manufacturers were eager to cut labor costs • Immigrant would work for less than the women • Women and immigrants • were powerless to affect pay rates or working conditions 55, 60