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The Skeletal System

The Skeletal System. Chapter 45.2. The Human Skeleton. Has approximately 206 bones! Functions : Gives Shape and Support Protection Moves Muscles Forms Blood Cells Stores Minerals- Ex: Calcium and Phosphorus Bones are moist, living tissues (not dry!). Parts of the Skeleton . 2 Parts:

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The Skeletal System

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  1. The Skeletal System Chapter 45.2

  2. The Human Skeleton • Has approximately 206 bones! • Functions: • Gives Shape and Support • Protection • Moves Muscles • Forms Blood Cells • Stores Minerals- Ex: Calcium and Phosphorus • Bones are moist, living tissues (not dry!)

  3. Parts of the Skeleton • 2 Parts: • Axial- bones of the: • Skull • Ribs • Spine • Sternum • Appendicular- bones of the: • Arms • Legs • Scapula • Clavicle • Pelvis

  4. Bone Structure • Periosteum-tough membrane that surrounds the bone’s surface. Contains blood vessels to supply nutrients. • Compact Bone- hard material found under the periosteum. Makes bones strong and capable of enduring large amounts of stress • Spongy Bone- network of connective tissue found under the compact bone. Hard/strong tissue. Makes bones light • Marrow: soft tissue in spongy bone • Red: produces red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells • Yellow: consists mostly of fat cells and serves as an energy storage

  5. Bone Structure • Compact bone is composed of cylinders of mineral crystals and protein fibers called lamellae • In the center of each cylinder is a narrow channel called a Haversian canal • Blood vessels run through interconnected Haversian canals, which carries nutrients throughout the bone • Surrounding each Haversian canal are protein fibers and ostecytes(bone cells)

  6. Bone Development • Bones develop from cartilage • Connective tissue • Tough, yet flexible • In fetal development: • Month 2: most of the skeleton is cartilage • Month 3: Ossification turns most cartilage into bones • Some cartilage is left for flexible areas between bones • Ex: tip of the nose, outer ear, and inside the trachea • Normal bone development depends on regular exercise and diet, mainly calcium and vitamin D intake • Lack of this can lead to osteoporosis

  7. Joints • The place where 2 bones meet • Tough bands of connective tissue called ligaments hold the bones of the joint in place • Synovial fluid- a lubricating substance that helps protect the ends of the bones from damage by friction

  8. Hinge Joint • Found in your elbow • Allows you to move arm forward and backward • Like a hinge in a door

  9. Gliding Joint • Allows bones to glide over one another • Like small bones in your feet-allows flexing when walking

  10. Pivot Joint • Top 2 vertebrae in your neck. Allows you to move your head side to side.

  11. Ball and Socket Joint • Found in your shoulder or hip • Allows you to move up/down, forward/backward, or rotate in a circle

  12. Saddle Joint • At the base of your thumb • Allows you to rotate your thumb and grasp objects with your hand

  13. Possible injuries and illnesses • Rheumatoid Arthritis-immune system attacks body tissues. Joints become inflamed, swollen, stiff, and deformed • Osteoarthritis- degenerative joint disease where cartilage covering the bones become thin and rough. • Sprain (ligament)- could either overstretch or possibly tear • Strain (tendon)- could either overstretch or possibly tear

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