Creutzfeldt- Jakob Disease (CJD )

1. Creutzfeldt- Jakob Disease (CJD) KanishaNewman Block:1 1/9/12

2. About Our Patient • Name: Lucy Montgomery • Age: 48 • Education: PhD in Psychology • Occupation: Licensed Psychologist • Martial Status: Married • Place of birth: Britain • Family: 1 child, Husband • Usually considered a hypochondriac AR

3. About our Patients Symptoms • Lately our patients family has noticed that she hasn’t been acting herself. In fact her actions seem to be getting worse day after day. • The following has been effecting Lucy: • Blurred vision • Confusion • Hallucination • Muscle Stiffness • Speech Impediment • Sleepiness • Personality change • Lack or coordination • Occasional Seizures AR

4. The Doctors Office • Lucy’s last physical was July 28, 2012 when she showed minimum signs of the Creutzfeldt- Jakob Disease. Her doctor noticed her eyesight score had slightly went down and she looked extremely tired. At first he asked her if she had been feeling herself lately and Lucy rapidly responded with a definite yes. “ Just been feeling a little tired lately” she said. The doctor took Lucy’s word and decided he would monitor her conditions. AR

5. Getting Admitted to the Hospital • Lucy’s first visit to the hospital was when she experienced her first seizure. It was a night her and her family were suppose to go out to dinner but didn’t go because she wasn’t feeling well. After being in bed for so long Lucy’s husband went to check on her and found her having a seizure. His first instance was to call the ambulance and they arrived as soon as possible. KN

6. What the Doctor Had To Say • Once Lucy met with the MD he asked her a series of questions and based on her responses determined what kind of tests had to be ran. • Lucy told him she had been feeling: • Fatigue • Her eye sight was blurring • Her muscles were aching • She was feeling random twitching • Her Speech was slurring • She was forgetting more often KN

7. The Doctors Response • The MD performed and EEG on Lucy’s brain and noticed her test results were extremely abnormal. • He then performed anMRI on the brain and the spinal cord and detected that she had a brain disease. • The MD couldn’t conclude what the brain disease was until he performed an Spinal Tap. Once he saw the prion proteins in Lucy’s results he could determine that she had Creutzfeldt Jakob. KN

8. Electroencephalogram (EEG) The doctors use this machine to look at the brain. It is placed on the scalp to measure the brains electric activity. People with CJD show a characteristically abnormal pattern in the way there electric activity is presented. KN

9. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) • This machine uses radio waves and a magnetic field to create cross sectional images of your head and body. It shows high resolution images of the brains white and grey matter. KN

10. Grey and White Matter • Grey matter is made up of neuronal cell bodies that control the muscles and sensory particles such as emotions, memory, hearing and speech • White matter consists of glial cells and myelinated axonsthat transmit signals from one region of the cerebrum to other regions of the cerebrum. IP

11. Signal Fluid Tests • Cerebral fluid surrounds and cushions the brain and spinal cord. In a test called a Lumber Puncture also known as a Spinal Tap is done by inserting a needle into the lower back near the spinal cord. If the fluid obtained is abnormally colored, that can be and indication of CJD. IP

13. The Background of CJD • There are many forms of CJD that a person can be diagnosed with. The two main types are Classical and Variant CJD. Variant CJD commonly occurs in younger people near the ages of 30 that eat meat from an infected cow. This can also be considered as “Mad Cow” disease. Classical CJD is a more severe case of Mad Cow that happens to people around the age of 45 and olderand unfortunately has entered the body of Lucy. IP

14. Background Continued • CJD is a rare disease that has mainly been found in Jewish people. The first case of CJD was found in 23 people in 1990 after the Britain was struck by an epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in 1984 to 1986. IP

15. More CJD The primary cause of each form of this disease is eating animals that are infected with bacteria. This has scientifically been proven due to the fact that the cows in Britain are fed rendered remains of sheep. The sheep suffer from a disease called scrapie that is also caused by bacteria. IP

16. Classical CJD • Classical CJD is one of the most fatal diseases anyone can have. It is also one of the most rarest disease commonly happening to 1 person in 1 million each year. Once diagnosed with CJD the most expectance of life you have is one year. Some people slip into a coma after showing classical CJD symptoms and most people die within 6 months depending on how severe their symptoms are. AR

17. Even More Classical CJD • Classic CJD is caused from more than infected meat. It is also caused from an abnormal piece of protein called prion. AR

18. What are Prions? Prions are a type of protein that is know as the cause of CJD. This protein damages the cells nervous system forming holes in the tissue. This protein also causes severe brain damage and eventually death. KN

19. CJD and the Body • CJD is a genetic disease that is inherited commonly in Jewish people. With this disease the central nervous system of the brain is completely damaged. The brain in the first part of the body to be affected before the rest of the symptoms occur. The tissue cells in the nerves start to form holes in them creating them to have less value to a persons body. KN

22. The process of CJD • Less Coordination- Depression- Mood Swings- Aphasia- Memory Loss- Sleep Irregularly- Speech Impediment- Dementia- Muscle Coordination- Muscle Spasms- Nerve Twitching IP

23. Clinical Psychiatrist • The Clinical Psychiatrist will help Lucy through her dementia disorders, confusion, and hallucinations. By talking her problems out the psychiatrist can determine what kind and how much medicine Lucy needs to take. The medicine will allow her to somewhat cope and control her disorders. KN

24. Physical Therapist • The Physical Therapist will work with Lucy to control her nerve twitching and muscle stiffness. The more she tries to keep her body active the less possibility she has of it completely failing on her. AR

25. Hospice Nurse • The Hospice Nurse will be with Lucy at all times to monitor her conditions. She will give her the medications, complete the physical activity with her, and provide daily help throughout the day. Since Lucy is on her death bed she will not be able to take care of herself under any conditions. IP

26. Current Conditions • Currently Lucy is no longer with us. She passed away on January 10th ,2014 in the bed she laid in for her last 3 months of life. She lived with CJD for one year and used her family as motivation not to give up. AR

27. Sources • http://bodyandhealth.canada.com/condition_info_details.asp?disease_id=293 • http://63.209.69.107/search/web/cjd+body/a22/46938-a77800/v5 • http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease/DS00531/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs • http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/library/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease/DS00531.html • http://reference.medscape.com/features/slideshow/cjd • http://www.alz.org/dementia/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-cjd-symptoms.asp • http://www.neurology.org/content/67/4/637 • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2779401/ • http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri • http://orthopedics.about.com/cs/sportsmedicine/a/mri_2.htm • http://kidshealth.org/parent/system/medical/mri_brain.html • http://www.google.com/#hl=en&tbo=d&q=mri+tests+brain&revid=434570704&sa=X&ei=XwDuUNP0I5KN0QGrp4GgDA&ved=0CKsBENUCKAU&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.&fp=d706ea7cc3c23e30&biw=952&bih=574 KN