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Earthquakes

Earthquakes. Pangaea. The Pangaea Theory states that 225 million years ago, the continents were all one large connected continent. Over millions of years, the continents drifted apart. The Earth’s crust.

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Earthquakes

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  1. Earthquakes

  2. Pangaea The Pangaea Theory states that 225 million years ago, the continents were all one large connected continent. Over millions of years, the continents drifted apart.

  3. The Earth’s crust Scientist use a theory called plate tectonics to explain how forces in the Earth causeocean floors spread and the continents move.

  4. So…what does this have to do with Earthquakes? An earthquake is a sudden movement of Earth’s crust. This movement happens along fault lines. Rock along both sides of a fault are stuck together. However, there is pressure on these rocks that push and pull them. When layers of the rock suddenly slip, an earthquake occurs.

  5. Major Fault Lines

  6. The Focus of an Earthquake The place where the slipping of a fault line begins is called the focus. Waves of energy then build outwards from this center. When this wave of energy hits the Earth’s surface, the energy then spreads out from this center - called the epicenter.

  7. Earthquake Measurement A seismometer is an instrument that detects and measures waves produced by earthquakes. Earthquakes produce two main types of waves: Primary waves (P waves) – these waves move the fastest through both solid and liquid layers of the Earth. Secondary waves (S waves) – these waves are the slowest moving waves, traveling through the Earth’s solid layers. These waves cause the most damage.

  8. Earthquake Measurement Some earthquakes release more energy than others. Magnitude is a measure of the amount of energy released by an earthquake. The more energy released, the more potential for destruction there is. The Richter Scale measures magnitude at the epicenter.

  9. Earthquake Destruction 2009 – Papau, Indonesia Richter Scale: 7.6 Fatalities: 5

  10. Earthquake Destruction 2009-Costa Rica Richter Scale: 6.1 Fatalities: 23

  11. Earthquake Destruction 2008 – China Richter Scale: 7.9 Fatalities: 87, 587

  12. Earthquake Destruction 2007 – Indonesia Richter Scale: 8.5 Fatalities: 25

  13. Earthquake Destruction 2007-Central Peru Richter Scale: 8.0 Fatalities: 514

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