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Islam:

Islam:. The Call of Peace Through Submission To God. Adhan (Call to Prayer). Adhan 1 Adhan 2 (w/ English subtitles) Adhan 3 (w/ scenes from Hajj in Mecca). Surat al-Fatiha. In the name of God, The Compassionate, The Merciful All praise belongs to God, Lord of all the World,

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Islam:

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  1. Islam: The Call of Peace Through Submission To God

  2. Adhan (Call to Prayer) • Adhan 1 • Adhan 2 (w/ English subtitles) • Adhan 3 (w/ scenes from Hajj in Mecca)

  3. Surat al-Fatiha In the name of God, The Compassionate, The Merciful All praise belongs to God, Lord of all the World, The Compassionate, the Merciful, Master of the Day of Judgement. You alone do we worship, and from You alone do we seek help.

  4. Surat al-Fatiha Guide us on the straight path, The path of those whom You have blessed, Not of those on whom is Your anger, Nor of those who have gone astray. Amen.

  5. Assignments • (due ., /) Spontaneously write 5 images that you associate w/ “Islam”/ “muslim”; read “Muslim Life”, p. 262 • (due Thurs., 4/23) Type a 1-1½ pg. reflection paper on DVD “The Muslim Americans” • (due Fri., 4/24) Read pp. 247-251(top); write 1 pgrph on your impressions of Muhammad

  6. Assignments • (due Mon., 4/27) 1 paragraph “reaction” to anything in DVD Muhammad: Legacy • (due Tues., 4/28) Read handout on Qur’an; write 1 paragraph reflection on one or several passages for discussion • (due Thurs., 4/30) Read pp. 251-253

  7. Assignments • (due Tues., 5/5) Read pp. 254-256(top) on 5 pillars; do 256 G • (due Weds., 5/6) Read pp. 256-260 (top); write 1-2 pghs opinion on any controversial issues in Islam • (due Thurs., 5/7) Read pp. 260-263 • (due Fri., 5/8) 3 Questions for guest speakers (Muslim Hopkins students)

  8. Assignments • (Fri., 5/15)TEST on Islam • (due on or before last review day) Project • (due ) 1-2 pg. relfection on: • What you have learned from your study of other religions • What your Faith is, and why you believe it

  9. The Foundations of Islam What IS Islam?

  10. What isIslam? • ISLAM… • MUSLIMS… • ISLAMIC…

  11. What is Islam? • Islam means “peace” • Salam (Arabic)/ Shalom (Hebrew) • More literally, = “surrender” or “submission” • Implication… • Peace comes through submission to God (Allah)

  12. The Foundations of Islam The Life and Message Of Muhammed

  13. Life of Muhammed • Born c. 570 A.D. in Mecca • Meccan society: • Tribal • Mercantile • Polytheistic • Part of powerful clan, the Quresh • Orphaned early on; raised by uncle, Abu Taleb

  14. Life of Muhammed • M. becomes caravan guide • Exposed to cultures/religions, esp. monotheism of Judaism & Christianity • Meets Khadija> marries • M. repulsed by Meccans’ hypocrisy re: religion & care for poor • M. retreats more & more to pray, reflect

  15. Life of Muhammed • 610 A.D. “Night of Power and Excellence” • Angel Gabriel appears during prayer • Commands M.: “Recite”! • M. protests; he knows not how to recite • Gabriel tells M what to recite… beginning of dictation of Qur’an

  16. The Foundations of Islam: The Qur’an: Islam’s Sacred Presence

  17. The Qur’an • Center of Islamic faith on earth • Size: about 4/5 size of New Testament • Structured in 114 chapters or surahs • Originally written in Arabic

  18. The Qur’an • Qur’an means, literally, “reading” or “recitation” • From Angel Gabriel’s command: “Recite!”

  19. The Qur’an • Believed to have been revealed miraculously by God • ALLAH > MUHAMMED> EARLY DISCIPLES (written form) • Revealed & written in Arabic • Governs every aspect of life

  20. The Qur’an Express 7 basic beliefs about: • Allah • He is One • All predestined by Him • Revelation through • Angels • Human messengers(prophets) • Books(Jewish, Christian, Qur’an) • Human Destiny • Afterlife • Judgement

  21. The Qur’an Discuss Qur’an’s attitude toward: • Unbelievers • Violence toward enemies • Image of God How do these attitudes compare with those of other faiths?

  22. The Foundations of Islam The Life and Message Of Muhammed

  23. Life of Muhammed • 622 A.D. The Hijra • M.’s migration from Mecca to Yathrib • Importance: basis for all dates in Muslim calendar (Anno Hegirae, “in the year of the Hijra”)

  24. Message of Muhammed • M referred to as the “Seal of the Prophets” • Prophets= link betw Allah and humankind • Some “lesser” or prior prophets: eg. Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus • M = “seal”, ie. the final prophet • M reveals fully, precisely and for all time the will of Allah

  25. Message of Muhammed • Sunna of the Prophet: • Means “custom” • =M’s actions and his own sayings or “hadith” • Second most important authority in Islam

  26. 5 Pillars of Islam

  27. Shahada The Confession of Faith • “La ilaha illa’Llah. Muhammadur rasulu’Llah” (“There is no god except God. Muhammad is the messenger of God.”) • Core: • Oneness of God (Monotheism) • Uniqueness of Muhammad

  28. SalatRitual Prayer • 5 times a day: • Dawn • Noon • Mid-afternoon • Sunset • Night • At home or in masjid (mosque)

  29. SalatRitual Prayer • Friday Service (Jummah) in mosque: • Sermon (khutbah) • Noon prayer

  30. SawmFasting during Ramadan • Entire month, from sunrise to sunset • Abstinence from food, drink, sex, smoking • Ramadan shifts– lunar calendar

  31. ZakatSharing of Wealth with Poor • 2.5 % of value of possessions (vs. income alone) • The Poor are exempt • Zakat is a form of worship • Fosters habits of generosity

  32. HajjPilgrimage to Mecca • Journey in imitation of prophet • Umma clearly felt/experienced • Obligatory for all who can make the trip

  33. Features of the Hajj • Ritual white clothing for men (= equality/ purity)

  34. Islam: Practices & Teachings The Umma: The Community of Muslims

  35. The Community of Muslims • The community or Umma =all Muslims • Shari’ah = divine law (from Qur’an) that unites all Muslims • Governments of some countries (eg. Saudi Arabia, Iran, Pakistan) based on Shari’a

  36. The Varieties of Islam Sects & Movements in Islam

  37. Are there “sects” in Islam? Qur’an Hadith (Sayings of Prophet) (Mahtaphs) Various Schools of Thought (Opinions of Legal Scholars)

  38. Sunni & Shi’a • Islam divided into 2 major “sects”: Sunni Shi’ite Muslims Muslims

  39. Sunni Muslims • = a little less than 90% of Muslims • Sunni, from those who follow sunna or “custom” of the prophet • Leadership: Caliph elected from tribe of Muhammed • Dominant in Saudi Arabia, Syria, Indonesia, most African countries

  40. Shi’ite Muslims • = about 10% of Muslims • shi’i from “shi’at Ali” or partisans of Ali, the son-in-law of M. • Leadership: Imam(vs. caliph) as direct descendent of Ali • Dominant in Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Kuwait, Pakistan

  41. Sufism • Not a separate sect of Islam, but a special brotherhood • Sufi from suf, = “wool” • Sufis = “woolwearers”, from their special robes • Focus on inner, mystical experience of Allah

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