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Chapter 5

Chapter 5. Crime and Violence. Nature of Crime. A crime is an act or omission of an act for which the state can apply a sanction. Criminal Law prohibits certain acts and [prescribes the punishment

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Chapter 5

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  1. Chapter 5 Crime and Violence

  2. Nature of Crime • A crime is an act or omission of an act for which the state can apply a sanction. • Criminal Law prohibits certain acts and [prescribes the punishment • Civil law deals with noncriminal acts in which one person injures another; these are mediated by the state.

  3. Nature of Crime Perceptions of Crime and crime rates…. Is there more or less crime in the U.S than there was 5 years a go?

  4. Violent Crime Rates What is problematic about the way we count and present crime statistics?

  5. The Nature of Crime Police discretion Problems of accuracy Victimization reports

  6. Figure 5-3: Crime Index OffensesFigure 5-4: The Crime Clock

  7. Types of Crimes and Criminals • Violent Personal Crimes • Types of Criminal homicide • Murder • Manslaughter • Mass Murderers and Serial Killers

  8. Figure 5-5: Murder by Relationship; Figure 5-6: Situations Police Officers Were Killed in the Line of Duty

  9. Types of Crimes and Criminals • Occasional property crimes • Occupational (White-Collar) Crimes • Differential association • Embezzlement • Fraud • The Ponzi Scheme • Cybercrime • Corporate Crimes • Deregulation and Lax Enforcement

  10. Types of Crimes and Criminals • Public-Order Crimes • Organized Crime • Organized Crime and Corruption • Conventional and Professional Crimes • Cybercrime • Identity Theft • Juvenile Delinquency

  11. Causes of Crime & Violence Biological Explanations of Crime Biology, Violence, and Criminality Gender and Crime Age and Crime Sociological Explanations of Crime

  12. Figure 5-10 & 11: Total Arrests, by Sex, Race, and Area; Arrests per 100,000 Juveniles Ages 10–17

  13. Figure 5-12 & 13: Inequality & Crime; Homicide Rates in Death Penalty & Non-Death-Penalty States

  14. Gangs, Guns, & Violent Death; Causes of Crime & Violence • Conflict Approaches to the Study of Crime • Inequality and Crime • Cross-Cultural Research • Race and Crime; racial Profiling • The Functionalist View: Anomie Theory • Interactionist Approaches: Differential Association and Delinquent Subcultures

  15. Figure 5–9 Death Rates fromFirearms

  16. Controlling Crime • Retribution-Deterrence • Rehabilitation • Prevention • Harm Reduction and Juvenile Diversion • Mandatory Sentencing • Arrest and Incarceration

  17. Controlling Crime • The Prison Paradox; Racial Disparities in Sentencing; Alternatives to Incarceration • Occupational and Corporate Crimes • Organized Crime • Public-Order & Juvenile-Justice Reforms • Gun Control • Future Prospects

  18. Figure 5-14 & 15: State & Federal Prisoners; Incarceration Rates

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