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NORM: Measurement & Analysis (Standardisation & Quality Assurance) Gert Jonkers

NORM: Measurement & Analysis (Standardisation & Quality Assurance) Gert Jonkers Engineering & Analytical - GSEA/4 “ Problem Solving ” (Shell E&P Ionising Radiation/NORM HSE Expert CHP) location Shell Research & Technology Centre, Amsterdam P.O. 38000 NL-1030 BN Amsterdam

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NORM: Measurement & Analysis (Standardisation & Quality Assurance) Gert Jonkers

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  1. NORM: Measurement & Analysis (Standardisation & Quality Assurance) Gert Jonkers Engineering & Analytical - GSEA/4 “Problem Solving” (Shell E&P Ionising Radiation/NORM HSE Expert CHP) location Shell Research & Technology Centre, Amsterdam P.O. 38000 NL-1030 BN Amsterdam the Netherlands

  2. Product & Waste Streams to be Analysed on NOR’s

  3. 1 Bq[NOR]/g corresponding to ... g[NOR]/g ppt ppb ppm

  4. Nuclear Based Analytical Techniques

  5. g-Spectrometry (1) – Sample Containers Petri-dishes fix geometry Sealing dishes prevents escape of 222Rn Data acquisition time ~ 60,000 s Calibration for NORM (IAEA certified ores)

  6. g-Spectrometry (2) – Setup n-type high purity Germanium detectors for low energy range

  7. g-Spectrometry (3) – Setup

  8. g-Spectrometry (4) – Spectrometry g-yield data base used for analysis standardised 226Ra 186 keV line directly used (no 235U present) Correct intensity low energy (Eg < 100 keV, 210Pb) lines for self-absorption NOR’s analysed:226Raeq, 210Pbeq, 228Raeq & 228Theq,

  9. a-Spectrometry (1) – Spectrometry • 210Po determination in all kind of materials • Digest the sample in a mixture of concentrated acids • add a polonium (208Po) isotopic spike • Plate out polonium on a clean Ag-plate • Place plate below surface barrier detector in a vacuum chamber • Analyse the a-spectrum, where the internal reference is used for efficiency of plate out

  10. a-Spectrometry (2) – Setup Method is laborious Questionable, a separate 210Po is required from an HSE point of view.

  11. a-scintillation counting (1) – Setup (disassembled) Lucas cell method

  12. g-Spectrometry (2) – Setup Assembled Counting 222Rn concentration

  13. E&P NORM REQUIRED ANALYSES DATA(HSE point of view)

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