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Unit 1 – Understanding Non-Fiction and Media Texts. AO3(iii) Explain and evaluate how writers use presentational features to achieve effects and engage and influence the reader. Assessment Objective.
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Unit 1 – Understanding Non-Fiction and Media Texts AO3(iii) Explain and evaluate how writers use presentational features to achieve effects and engage and influence the reader
Assessment Objective AO3(iii) Explain and evaluate how writers use presentational features to achieve effects and engage and influence the reader • Know some presentation terms • Be able to explain the effects of these • Evaluate HOW and WHY they are used
Presentational Devices • You need to learn some examples of presentational devices • In the exam, you must be able to recall these • You need to be able to identify these and give precise explanations of how a writer has used them
Layout features • Headings / sub-headings • Boxes / Puffs • Bullet points • Balance of words and pictures • Busy vs simple • Length of paragraphs • Logos and slogans
Photos / Pictures Illustrations Charts / Diagrams Close-up Medium-shot Long-shot High or low angle Point of view Images
Print Styles • Type of font • Size of font • Bold, italic, underlined • Colour of font • Capitals vs lower case letters
Use of colour • Think of the different connotations that colours have e.g. black = death, green = environment, yellow = happiness • Consider combinations of different colours • Black and white / Monochrome
Simple, green lettering connotes simple, healthy choices Large heading emphasises the message Lower case letters suggest it is informal and fun Large close-up makes it more appealing Green background colour reinforces healthiness Lots of close-up photos to emphasise how tasty the food is White font makes the text leap out at the reader Use of text boxes to suggest the layout of a menu
Reading Framework • Read the questions • Read the text • Work out the PAFT and message • Label examples – check the question • Plan your response – use a PEE table
Age Interests Lifestyle Gender Education Class Job Hobbies Politics
Model Question • How does the presentation add to the effectiveness of the whole text? [8 marks]
Plan your answer – 1 • Highlight the text, identifying the most important examples of presentation you can find • 8 marks = 16 minutes • 8 marks = at least 1 really good example for each bullet point • Annotate your examples with explanations of the precise effect
Explaining effects • You must give explanations that are matched to the text you have read • Do not make generic statements like “it is eye-catching” • Every explanation must use the word “because”
Banned answers YOU MUST NEVER USE THE FOLLOWING PHRASES!!! • The picture is eye-catching • It is bright and colourful • It looks interesting • The writing stands out … UNLESS YOU EXPLAIN WHY
This connotes… This means… This suggests… This represents… This symbolises… This highlights… This shows… This makes us feel… This creates… This implies… Useful analytical language Use this vocabulary to support your analytical and evaluative comments about pictures
Using PEEL • Point – Identify a technique • Evidence – Give a short description • Explain – The effect of this technique on the reader • Link – Refer back to the question (repeat some of the words)
Using PEEL – an example How are presentational features used to influence the reader? The writer has used several close-up photographs of the food on offer. For example, the main image is of one of the salads. It is a close-up shot taken from a high angle. The effect of this is to make us think that the food looks really tasty. A close-up shot also makes the salad look a lot bigger than it might be. This is persuasive because we are more likely to choose this as a meal option. It helps to emphasise the fact that McDonald’s offers more than just burgers and fries and so is likely to interest the target audience i.e. women who want to eat more healthily.
How this is assessed • Band 1 • Limited evidence of understanding • No real appreciation of presentation • Very few and poorly chosen examples • Band 2 • Some evidence of understanding • Some appreciation of presentation • Attempts to support with examples • Band 3 • Clear evidence of understanding • Clear analysis of presentation • Relevant and appropriate examples used to support ideas • Band 4 • Full and detailed understanding of the content • Detailed and perceptive analysis of presentation • Relevant quotations with perceptive comments