Plant Biotechnology

1. Plant Biotechnology

2. Current Plant Biotechnology PB3

3. Objectives LESSON OBJECTIVE ENABLING OBJECTIVES • Identify biotechnology methods and how they compare to traditional plant breeding processes • Diagram the traditional plant breeding process 02 • After completing this lesson on Current Biotechnologies, students will demonstrate their ability to apply the concept in real-world situations by obtaining a minimum score of 80% on the GMO Investigative Report evaluation. 01 • Breakdown the process of a biotechnology product moving from an idea to a distributed product 03

4. Key Terms • Tissue Culture • Genetic Engineering • DNA • Transgenic • Genetically Modified • Cloning • Selective Breeding • FDA

5. The Perfect Plant

6. What does the “perfect plant” look like? • Select a crop, fruit, vegetable, or greenhouse plant • Transform it into the “perfect plant” • What desirable characteristic should it have? • What makes it profitable when produced or sold? • Draw & describe

7. Objective 1Diagram the traditional plant breeding process

8. Traditional Plant Breeding: • Sexual reproduction • Asexual • Cuttings • Grafting • Budding • Layering • Dividing • Rhizomes, stolons and tillers

9. Objective 2Identify biotechnology methods and how they compare to traditional plant breeding processes

10. Traditional Plant Breeding • Long period of time to get and observe results • If desired result doesn’t occur, another generation of plants must grow before results are observed

11. Other Methods Selective Breeding Advanced Breeding Genetically Modified Plant Breeding

12. Breeders look for, select and crossbreed the best performing plants Selective Breeding

13. Specific desirable characteristics are identified and tagged within a plant DNA • Information used to pick which plants to crossbreed Advanced Breeding

14. Turning off or moving a gene within a plant to get a desired result • Inserting a gene from another plant to get a desired result Genetically Modified Plant Breeding Click for GMO Infographic

15. Emerging Biotechnology Applications • Tissue Culture • Reverse Genetics • Forward Genetics • Transgenic • Gene Transfer • Microinjection • Electrophoresis • Cloning • _______________

16. Applications to Agriculture • Plant-Water Relationships • Plant Productivity • Plant Disease Resistance • Nutritional Quality of Plants • Biological Control of Pests

17. Objective 3Breakdown the process of a biotechnology product moving from an idea to a distributed product

18. Genetically Engineered Foods Corn (Field & Sweet)

19. Genetically Engineered Foods Soybeans

20. Genetically Engineered Foods Cotton

21. Genetically Engineered Foods Alfalfa

22. Genetically Engineered Foods Sugar Beets

23. Genetically Engineered Foods Papaya

24. Genetically Engineered Foods Squash

25. Genetically Engineered Foods Potatoes

26. How are GMOs Created? Click to watch “How Are GMOs Created?”

27. How are GMOs Created? Step 1: Determine whether geneticengineering is the most effective way tosolve a plant’s problem • Identify the problem or need for improvement • Specifics about problem or need for improvement should be researched and identified • Solutions that have been tried should be sought out to determine the precise solution needed

28. How are GMOs Created? Step 2: Identify the gene • Research conducted to identify the specific gene responsible for the trait breeders want to replicate • Screen and test to ensure the correct gene has been identified

29. How are GMOs Created? Step 3: Remove trait from donor organismand implant into plant’s DNA • Also known as DNA extraction • Once extracted, the gene is cloned • Scientists then design the gene to work inside a different organism • Transformation • Tissue culture used to propagate plant cells to whichthe new gene can be added • Goal = transport new gene and deliver into nucleus of cell without killing it

30. How are GMOs Created? Step 4: Plant the new seed and test it • Regulatory Science • At least 75 different studies are performed on newproducts to ensure they are safe for people, animals and the environment • Greenhouse Testing • After rigorous testing, only the top performing plants are advanced to filed testing • Field Testing • Global government bodies continue testing, review and approve GMOs

31. Are GMOs safe? • YES • This is according to The National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine’s 2016 report • Conclusion based on • Over 900 studies and publications have been examined • More than 20 scientists, researchers and agricultural and industry experts over a 2 year period reviewed animal studies, allergenicity testing, health data and more • Based on over 20 years of data since GMO crops were introduced • No evidence of a difference in risks to human health between current GMO crops and traditionally bred crops Click for GMO Safety Facts

32. Biotechnology Regulation Coordinated Framework for Regulation of Biotechnology • Describes the Federal system for evaluating products developed using modern biotechnology • Based on existing laws designed to protect public health and the environment

33. Oversight Responsibility • USDA-APHIS • USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service • EPA • Environmental Protection Agency • FDA • Food and Drug Administration

34. Food for Thought… Are GMOs Safe?

35. Conclusion There are a number of plant technologies being used in the agriculture industry. These processes are thorough, well researched, extensively tested and regulated in order to ensure safety to human health and the environment.

36. Exit Card • What did you learn about plant technologies currently used in the agriculture industry? • What questions do you still have about plant technologies currently used in the agriculture industry?