Importance of Individuals in American Reform Project- Frederick Douglass

1. Importance of Individuals in American Reform Project- Frederick Douglass By: Leah Hoogerhyde

2. Biographical Information- Early Life • Born: February 1818, Talbot County, Maryland. • Mother, Harriet Bailey, was a slave. • Did not know his father, but believed that his father was a white man. • Lived with his grandmother until about the age of six, when he was forced to leave her to serve as a slave on a planation.

3. Biographical Information-Young Adult Life • Went to live with the Auld family, in Baltimore, at the age of eight to serve as a house servant • Learned how to read while in Baltimore • Decided to run away and escape to freedom • Went to other places, serving as a slave, tried and failed to run away • Was often treated with cruelty • Finally succeeded in running away in 1838

4. Baltimore during the 1800s:

5. Biographical Information- Life while Free • As a free person, lived in New York City and New Bedford, Mass. • Changed his name to Douglass to avoid recapture • Married his wife, Anna, shortly after running away • Had two children • Joined the Abolitionist movement • Became a consultant to Abraham Lincoln and advocated for emancipation • Was eventually made the US minister and consul general to Haiti in 1889 • Died: February 20, 1895, Washington, D.C.

6. Douglass’ wife, Anna Murray Douglass: Young Douglass:

7. The Abolitionist Movement • Began in the 1830s, lasted until the 1870s • Movement goal- the immediate emancipation of all slaves and the end of racial discrimination and segregation • Influenced by the Second Great Awakening • Most abolitionists were northerners • Opposed slavery for many different reasons: economic, political, religious, moral. -Political and economic: north wanted to gain influence

8. The Abolitionist Movement(cont.) • Was a factor in the break between the North and South which lead to the civil war. • Well known abolitionists: William Lloyd Garrison(the Liberator publisher), Theodore D. Weld, Arthur and Lewis Tappan, and Elizur Wright, Jr. • Abolitionists formed the American Anti-Slavery society -Eventually the Society split due to conflicting beliefs • Many abolitionists also supported other societal reforms, including women’s rights, pacifism, and education.

9. Garrison: The Liberator:

10. The Abolitionist Movement(cont.) • Partially achieved goal with the passage of the 13th Amendment, which abolished slavery. • Further achieved goals with the passage of the 15th Amendment, which gave suffrage to African American men. • Achieved most of its goals, but racial prejudice still existed. • The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded later in 1909, continued the fight against racial prejudice.

11. Contributions of Frederick Douglass • Joined African American organizations in New Bedford, Mass. • Began to attend Abolitionist meetings • Subscribed to Garrison’s Liberator • Gave a speech at the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society's annual convention in Nantucket • Began to do lectures for the Anti-Slavery Society • Became one of the movement’s best speakers along with Wendell Phillips and Lucy Stone

12. Contributions of Frederick Douglass(cont.) • In 1845, he wrote Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave. -In the Narrative he hoped to educate people by showing them what slavery was really like. • Three years later, Douglass began publishing TheNorth Star(1847-1860) • The North Star was a newspaper that advocated against slavery. • Participated in the first women's rights convention at Seneca Falls, in 1848 • Advocated for in equal rights for all people • Traveled to Europe for two years, convinced many people to support the abolitionist cause

13. The North Star:

14. Contributions of Frederick Douglass(cont.) • Helped many people on the underground railroad escape to freedom • Gave a Fourth of July Speech in 1852 • -In speech, showed that hypocrisy of a nation which claims to cherish liberty and equality • Supported the Free Soil Party and after, in 1856, the Republican Party • Favored the Civil War becausehe believed it may lead to emancipation • Became an advisor to Lincoln during the Civil War and encouraged him to emancipate all of the slaves immediately

15. Contributions of Frederick Douglass(cont.) • Recruited free African Americans to the Union army( many achievedvery distinguished service records) • During Reconstruction Douglass tried to gain full civil rights for all people • "Slavery is not abolished until the African-American man has the vote." • Spoke out against lynching • Advocated for the desegregation of schools in order to give African Americans the opportunity for a good education

16. Effects of Douglass’ Contributions • Douglass, as one of the most influential and active people involved with the abolitionist movement, help contribute to all of the following results of the movement. • Emancipation Proclamation put into affect on January 1, 1863 • Fugitive Slave Law(forced the returning of slaves) was repealed in 1864 • Thirteenth Amendment was ratified in 1865 • Fifteenth Amendment was ratified in 1870

17. Effects of Douglass’ Contributions • Nineteenth Amendment passed in 1920(gave women the right to vote) • Abolitionist founded Oberlin College(1833) was successfully non- segregated -Gave African Americans the opportunity to go to college • The Oneida Institute was founded(1899), from which many African-American leaders graduated