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Chapter One

Chapter One. First Conjugation Verbs: Present Active/Passive Subjunctive; The Subjunctive Mood; Volitive and Optative Subjunctive Present Subjunctive of Sum and Possum. Subjunctive mood (pg. 8). Indicative Imperative

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Chapter One

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  1. Chapter One First Conjugation Verbs: Present Active/Passive Subjunctive; The Subjunctive Mood; Volitive and Optative Subjunctive Present Subjunctive of Sum and Possum

  2. Subjunctive mood (pg. 8) • Indicative • Imperative • Subjunctive- The subjunctive in a main clause usually shows the action as desirable or possible. It is also used as a verb in certain subordinate clauses which you will learn about later. • There is no future tense in the subjunctive!!!

  3. First conjugation: present active/passive subjunctive • To change the mood of a first conjugation verb from the indicative to the subjunctive, you simply use an e linking vowel rather than an a. Then add the subjunctive endings… • -m • -s • -t • -mus • -tis • -nt

  4. First conjugation: present active subjunctive 1st Singular amem 2nd Singular ames 3rd Singular amet 1st Plural amemus 2nd Plural ametis 3rd Plural ament

  5. First conjugation: present passive subjunctive 1st Singular amer 2nd Singular ameris 3rd Singular ametur 1st Plural amemur 2nd Plural amemini 3rd Plural amentur

  6. Present subjunctive of sum 1stsinulgar- sim 2nd singular- sis 3rd singular- sit 1st plural- simus 2nd plural- sitis 3rd plural- sint

  7. Present Subjunctive of Possum 1st sinulgar- possim 2nd singular- possis 3rd singular- possit 1st plural- possimus 2nd plural- possitis 3rd plural- possint

  8. Volitive and optative subjunctive (pg. 9 and 10) • Volitive subjunctive- similar to an imperative mood verb. However, the volitive subjunctive is more of a mild command. • E.g. Rēsparēs! Prepare the things! or You should/may prepare the things! • When this subjunctive is in the first or third person, it is often translated with the word “let” • E.g. Ad īnsulamnāvigēmus! Let us sail to the island!

  9. Volitive and optative subjunctive (pg. 9 and 10) • The optative subjunctive indicates a wish. It is often, but not always, accompanied by the word “utinam”. The optative is usually translated with the word “may” and “utinam” means literally “if only”. • E.g. - Utinamdīnōs ament! May the gods love us! or If only the gods may love us.

  10. Negative volitive and optative (pg. 10) • The optative subjunctive and the volitive subjunctive in the first and third person is negative when nēis added. We often use utinamnē for the negative optative. • E.g. Utinamnē pauper sim! May I not be poor! • E.g. Nē ad insulamnāvigent! Let them not sail to the island! • The negative of the volitive subjunctive in the second person is formed the same way as the negative impeative: nōlī, nōlīte + inf. • E.g. Nōlīte ad īnsulamnāvigāre! Do not sail to the island!

  11. Vocabulary (pg. 5) • Review the endings!!!

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