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Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatics

Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatics. H Advanced Chemistry / Organic Unit 5. Objective #1 Naming Alkenes and Alkynes. Alkenes *recall the key functional group of an alkene C=C *general formula C n H 2n *rules of naming: follow the general practices for the naming of alkanes

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Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatics

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  1. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatics H Advanced Chemistry / Organic Unit 5

  2. Objective #1 Naming Alkenes and Alkynes • Alkenes *recall the key functional group of an alkeneC=C *general formula CnH2n *rules of naming: follow the general practices for the naming of alkanes locate longest chain that contains double bond give double bond lowest number suffix of name ends in ene (examples)

  3. Objective #1 Naming Alkenes and Alkynes • Alkynes *recall the key functional group of an alkyneC=C *general formula CnH2n-2 *rules of naming: follow the general practices for the naming of alkanes locate longest chain that contains triple bond give triple bond lowest number suffix of name ends in yne (examples)

  4. Objective #1 Nomenclature of Aromatics

  5. Objective #2 Drawing Condensed Structural Formulas for Aromatics, Alkenes, and Alkynes

  6. Objective #3 Sources and Properties of Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatics • Sources Petroleum; found in products such as plastics, fabrics, drugs, medicines, dyes, explosives, and misc. polymers • Physical Properties *similar to alkanes • Chemical Properties *more reactive than alkanes

  7. Obj. #4 Reactions involving Alkenes and Alkynes • Preparing Alkenes • Dehydration Reaction *involves the removal of water (examples) • Dehydrohalogenation *dehydrohalogenation refers to the removal of a halogen (examples) • Preparing Alkynes (examples)

  8. Obj. #4 Reactions involving Alkenes and Alkynes • Reactions involving Alkenes and Alkynes • Combustion (reaction with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water) (examples) • Hydrogenation (reaction with hydrogen to form an alkane) (examples) • Addition of a Halogen (Halogenation) Example: CH2=CHCH3 + HBr - 2 products possible

  9. Obj. #4 Reactions involving Alkenes and Alkynes CH3CHCH3 or BrCH2CH2CH3 | Br Markovnikov’s Rule states that the carbon on the double bond with the most hydrogen gets the hydrogen (examples) • Addition of water (Hydration) (reaction of alkene with water to form an alcohol; alkyne with water forms a ketone) (examples)

  10. Obj. #4 Reactions involving Aromatics *primarily undergo substitution reactions Types: Halogenation(reacts with a halogen to form a benzene halogen derivative) Nitration (reacts with nitric acid to form nitrobenzene) Alkylation (reacts with alkyl halide to produced alkyl benzene derivative) Sulfonation(reacts with sulfuric acid to form benzene sulfonic acid) (examples)

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