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Western Biogenic Emission Inventory Improvement Project Status Update

This update compares emissions inventories and investigates isoprene emission with Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) data from different sources. Satellite PAR data is recommended for the 2008 inventory.

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Western Biogenic Emission Inventory Improvement Project Status Update

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  1. Western Biogenic Emission Inventory Improvement ENVIRON International Corporation Novato, California Status Updates Isoprene Comparisons from Using Different Sources of PAR Conference Call on December 14, 2011 773 San Marin Drive, Suite 2115, Novato, CA 94998 P: 415-899-0700 F: 415-899-0707 www.environcorp.com

  2. Western Biogenic EI Improvement Project Status Update • Comparisons of emission inventories from SMOKE BEIS v3.14, MEGAN v2.04, MEGAN v2.10 for July 3 – 18, 2008 and January 3 – 18, 2008, with new WRF data • No change to previous conclusion to use MEGAN v2.10 • Most results are presented at the end as “extra slides” • Investigating isoprene emission and Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) data from WRF and satellite • Example results are presented today. • Recommend using satellite PAR data for 2008 emission inventories • Starting to evaluate WRF performance for cloud fraction 773 San Marin Drive, Suite 2115, Novato, CA 94998 P: 415-899-0700 F: 415-899-0707 www.environcorp.com

  3. Average Isoprene Emission from July 3 to July 18, 2008 Domain: 36km SMK-BEIS v3.14 MEGAN v2.04(old) MEGAN v2.10(new) MEGAN(old) – SMKBEIS MEGAN(new) – SMKBEIS MEGAN(new) – MEGAN(old)

  4. WRF Solar Radiation VS satellite PAR Satellite to MEGAN WRF to MEGAN Cloud • From GEWEX/GCIP and GEWEX Americas Prediction Project (GAPP) • Satellite reports PAR data used directly in MEGAN • Pinker, et al., shows good performance between satellite and ground stations PAR = 0.5 x SRAD Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) • Where • 0.5 is assumed that ½ of solar radiation is in 400-700nm band • SRAD is solar radiation (w/m2) VOC, CO, NO2, etc. MEGAN Model Pinker, et al., 2003, Surface radiation budgets in support of the GEWEX Continental-Scale International Project (GCIP) and the GEWEX Americas Prediction Project (GAPP), including the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) project

  5. Average Isoprene Emission from July 3 to July 18, 2008 Domain: 36km MEGAN v2.10 WRF/MCIP MEGAN v2.10 Satellite Difference WRF/MCIP - Satellite Domain Total = 7353 kg/hr km2 Difference = 2618 kg/hr km2 (55%) Domain Total = 4735 kg/hr km2 PAR WRF/MCIP PAR Satellite PAR WRF/MCIP - Satellite

  6. WRF Solar Radiation VS satellite PAR PAR = 0.5 x Short Wave Radiation Satellite PAR Problem? 0.5 0.45 0.425 0.4

  7. Conversion Factor for Short Wave Radiation to PAR • Conversion Factor varies spatially and temporally • Use Conversion Factor of 0.45 for this study http://www.atmos.umd.edu/~srb/par/Figure03.htm PAR is defined as radiation with wavelength between 400 and 700 nm

  8. Average Isoprene Emission from July 3 to July 18, 2008 Domain: 36km MEGAN v2.10 WRF/MCIP MEGAN v2.10 Satellite Difference WRF/MCIP - Satellite Domain Total = 6504 kg/hr km2 Difference = 1769 kg/hr km2 (37%) Domain Total = 4735 kg/hr km2 PAR WRF/MCIP PAR Satellite PAR Difference (%) WRF/MCIP – Satellite

  9. Average Isoprene Emission from January 3 to 18, 2008 Domain: 36km MEGAN v2.10 WRF/MCIP Difference WRF/MCIP - Satellite MEGAN v2.10 Satellite Domain Total = 135.6 kg/hr km2 Difference = 44.54 kg/hr km2 (49%) Domain Total = 91.06 kg/hr km2 PAR WRF/MCIP PAR Satellite PAR Difference (%) WRF/MCIP - Satellite

  10. Average Isoprene Emission from July 3 to July 18, 2008 Domain: 4km MEGAN v2.10 WRF/MCIP MEGAN v2.10 Satellite Difference WRF/MCIP - Satellite Domain Total = 26,389 kg/hr km2 Difference = 6,747 kg/hr km2 (34%) Domain Total = 19,642 kg/hr km2

  11. Average Isoprene Emission from January 3 to 18, 2008 Domain: 4km MEGAN v2.10 WRF/MCIP MEGAN v2.10 Satellite Difference WRF/MCIP - Satellite Domain Total = 134.7 kg/hr km2 Difference = 54.59 kg/hr km2 (68%) Domain Total = 80.11 kg/hr km2

  12. Domain Average Isoprene Emission Domain: 4km • Using WRF/MCIP PAR results in higher emission especially during the peak hours • Day-to-day emission variations are due to cloud cover

  13. WRF Solar Radiation VS satellite PAR under clear sky Satellite CCF WRF/MCIP CCF • ISOP from WRF/MCIP PAR is higher up to 40%. Clear sky ISOP WRF/MCIP ISOP Satellite Percent Difference

  14. Western Biogenic EI Improvement Project Summary • The new WRF data do not change the conclusion to use MEGANv2.10 for 2008 biogenic inventory • WRF/MCIP PAR results in > 30% higher isoprene emission than satellite PAR, especially during the peak hours • Difference occurs under clear skies: not due to cloud fraction • Calculating PAR as a fraction of WRF Short Wave radiation is part of the problem • Recommend using satellite PAR data • Limited satellite data coverage for Canada and Mexico not a major shortcoming for this project • Working on converting satellite cloud fraction to a workable format for comparison with WRF/MCIP

  15. Western Biogenics EI Improvement Project Next Steps • Proceed with 2008 inventory using satellite PAR data • QA satellite PAR data to find and fill any data gaps • Process biogenic emissions for all of 2008 for the 3 domains • Proceed with cloud fraction analysis to assist with WRF evaluation

  16. Extra Slides • Comparisons between SMKBEIS 3.14, MEGAN 2.04, and MEGAN 2.10 • Using PAR = 0.5 x SRAD

  17. Average Isoprene Emission from July 3 to July 18, 2008 Domain: 36km SMK-BEIS v3.14 MEGAN v2.04(old) MEGAN v2.10(new) MEGAN(old) – SMKBEIS MEGAN(new) – SMKBEIS MEGAN(new) – MEGAN(old)

  18. Average Isoprene Emission from July 3 to July 18, 2008 Domain: 4km SMK-BEIS v3.14 MEGAN v2.04(old) MEGAN v2.10(new) MEGAN(old) – SMKBEIS MEGAN(new) – SMKBEIS MEGAN(new) – MEGAN(old)

  19. Isoprene – County Summary Average Emission July 3-18, 2008 Domain: 4km Note: Clark, NV is outside 4km domain.

  20. Average Monoterpene Emission from July 3 to July 18, 2008 Domain: 36km SMK-BEIS v3.14 MEGAN v2.04(old) MEGAN v2.10(new) MEGAN(old) – SMKBEIS MEGAN(new) – SMKBEIS MEGAN(new) – MEGAN(old)

  21. Average Monoterpene Emission from July 3 to July 18, 2008 Domain: 4km SMK-BEIS v3.14 MEGAN v2.04(old) MEGAN v2.10(new) MEGAN(old) – SMKBEIS MEGAN(new) – SMKBEIS MEGAN(new) – MEGAN(old)

  22. MTP – County Summary Average Emission July 3-18, 2008 Domain: 4km Note: Clark, NV is outside 4km domain.

  23. Average CO Emission from July 3 to July 18, 2008 Domain: 36km SMK-BEIS v3.14 MEGAN v2.04(old) MEGAN v2.10(new) MEGAN(old) – SMKBEIS MEGAN(new) – SMKBEIS MEGAN(new) – MEGAN(old)

  24. Average CO Emission from July 3 to July 18, 2008 Domain: 4km SMK-BEIS v3.14 MEGAN v2.04(old) MEGAN v2.10(new) MEGAN(old) – SMKBEIS MEGAN(new) – SMKBEIS MEGAN(new) – MEGAN(old)

  25. Average NOx Emission from July 3 to July 18, 2008 Domain: 36km SMK-BEIS v3.14 MEGAN v2.04(old) MEGAN v2.10(new) MEGAN(old) – SMKBEIS MEGAN(new) – SMKBEIS MEGAN(new) – MEGAN(old)

  26. Average NOx Emission from July 3 to July 18, 2008 Domain: 4km SMK-BEIS v3.14 MEGAN v2.04(old) MEGAN v2.10(new) MEGAN(old) – SMKBEIS MEGAN(new) – SMKBEIS MEGAN(new) – MEGAN(old)

  27. CO and NOx – County Summary Average Emission July 3 to July 18, 2008 Domain: 4km Note: Clark, NV is outside 4km domain.

  28. Average Isoprene Emission from January 3 to 18, 2008 Domain: 36km SMK-BEIS v3.14 MEGAN v2.04(old) MEGAN v2.10(new) MEGAN(old) – SMKBEIS MEGAN(new) – SMKBEIS MEGAN(new) – MEGAN(old)

  29. Average Isoprene Emission from January 3 to 18, 2008 Domain: 4km SMK-BEIS v3.14 MEGAN v2.04(old) MEGAN v2.10(new) MEGAN(old) – SMKBEIS MEGAN(new) – SMKBEIS MEGAN(new) – MEGAN(old)

  30. Average Monoterpene Emission from January 3 to 18, 2008 Domain: 36km SMK-BEIS v3.14 MEGAN v2.04(old) MEGAN v2.10(new) MEGAN(old) – SMKBEIS MEGAN(new) – SMKBEIS MEGAN(new) – MEGAN(old)

  31. Average Monoterpene Emission from January 3 to 18, 2008 Domain: 4km SMK-BEIS v3.14 MEGAN v2.04(old) MEGAN v2.10(new) MEGAN(old) – SMKBEIS MEGAN(new) – SMKBEIS MEGAN(new) – MEGAN(old)

  32. Average CO Emission from January 3 to 18, 2008 Domain: 36km SMK-BEIS v3.14 MEGAN v2.04(old) MEGAN v2.10(new) MEGAN(old) – SMKBEIS MEGAN(new) – SMKBEIS MEGAN(new) – MEGAN(old)

  33. Average CO Emission from January 3 to 18, 2008 Domain: 4km SMK-BEIS v3.14 MEGAN v2.04(old) MEGAN v2.10(new) MEGAN(old) – SMKBEIS MEGAN(new) – SMKBEIS MEGAN(new) – MEGAN(old)

  34. Average NOx Emission from January 3 to 18, 2008 Domain: 36km SMK-BEIS v3.14 MEGAN v2.04(old) MEGAN v2.10(new) MEGAN(old) – SMKBEIS MEGAN(new) – SMKBEIS MEGAN(new) – MEGAN(old)

  35. Average NOx Emission from January 3 to 18, 2008 Domain: 4km SMK-BEIS v3.14 MEGAN v2.04(old) MEGAN v2.10(new) MEGAN(old) – SMKBEIS MEGAN(new) – SMKBEIS MEGAN(new) – MEGAN(old)

  36. CO and NOx – County Summary Average Emission January 3 to 18, 2008 Domain: 4km Note: Clark, NV is outside 4km domain.

  37. ISOP and MTP - County Summary Average Emission January 3 to 18, 2008 Domain: 4km Note: Clark, NV is outside 4km domain.

  38. Isoprene Emission and PFT Relationship - Slide 1 Domain: 36km Broadleaf Deciduous Broadleaf Evergreen MEGAN v2.10(new) EF = 10000 µg/m2-hr EF = 10000 µg/m2-hr Needle Leaf Evergreen Shrub Needle Leaf Deciduous EF = 1 µg/m2-hr EF = 4000 µg/m2-hr EF = 600 µg/m2-hr

  39. Isoprene Emission and PFT Relationship - Slide 2 Domain: 36km Grass - Cold Grass - Warm MEGAN v2.10(new) EF = 1600 µg/m2-hr EF = 200 µg/m2-hr Corn LAI Crops EF = 50 µg/m2-hr EF = 1 µg/m2-hr

  40. Monoterpene Emission and PFT Relationship - Slide 1 Domain: 36km Broadleaf Deciduous Broadleaf Evergreen MEGAN v2.10(new) EF = 30 - 400 µg/m2-hr EF = 30 - 400 µg/m2-hr Needle Leaf Evergreen Shrub Needle Leaf Deciduous EF = 40 – 510 µg/m2-hr EF = 50 - 300 µg/m2-hr EF = 70 - 500 µg/m2-hr

  41. Monoterpene Emission and PFT Relationship - Slide 2 Domain: 36km Grass - Cold Grass - Warm MEGAN v2.10(new) EF = 0.3 - 5 µg/m2-hr EF = 0.3 - 5 µg/m2-hr Corn LAI Crops EF = 0.3 - 5 µg/m2-hr EF = 0.3 - 5 µg/m2-hr

  42. Bark Beetle Infestation - Monoterpene Domain: Denver – SIP 12km MEGAN v2.04 - Base • Current Denver SIP • 2008, MEGANv2.04 • Bark Beetle • Affecting needle leaf tree => MTP • Sensitivity tests are based on 2006 meteorological data • July - Monthly Average 2006 Bark Beetle - Base 2010 Bark Beetle - Base

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