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The Uninsured in America. Presentation to the Citizens’ Health Care Working Group May 11, 2005. Peter Cunningham, Ph.D. Center for Studying Health System Change. A Primer on the Uninsured . How many? How is it changing? Who are the uninsured? Consequences of being uninsured.
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The Uninsured in America Presentation to the Citizens’ Health Care Working Group May 11, 2005 Peter Cunningham, Ph.D. Center for Studying Health System Change
A Primer on the Uninsured • How many? • How is it changing? • Who are the uninsured? • Consequences of being uninsured
How Many Uninsured Are There? • Estimates vary > Different surveys and methodologies > Depends on length of time being measured • Coverage more fluid than estimates indicate • Many are uninsured for brief periods
Length of Time Uninsured 16% 45% 13% 26% Source: CBO estimates from SIPP, 1996-1999
How is it Changing? • Uninsurance increasing for adults • Uninsurance decreasing for children • Shift from private to public coverage for low income persons
Percent Uninsured Source: EBRI estimates of the CPS
Premiums are Rising Faster Than Earnings Source: Kaiser/HRET Survey of Employer-Sponsored Health Benefits
Low Income Adults (< 200% FPL) Source: CTS Household Survey
Low Income Children (< 200% FPL) Source: CTS Household Survey
Who Are the Uninsured? • Most in working families • ESI coverage not available • Low income, young adults, Hispanics at high risk
Most Uninsured in Working Families 17.3% 60.4% 22.3% Source: EBRI estimates from the CPS, February 2001 supplement
Uninsured Workers 20% 13% 67% Source: EBRI estimates from the CPS, February 2001 supplement
Reasons Eligible Workers Were Uninsured 6% 28% 66% Source: EBRI estimates from the CPS, February 2001 supplement
Reasons Ineligible Workers Were Uninsured 6% 33% 51% 10% Source: EBRI estimates from the CPS, February 2001 supplement
Most Uninsured in Small Firms Source: CTS Household Survey, 2003
Most Uninsured in Low-Wage Jobs Source: CTS Household Survey, 2003
Most Uninsured Are Low-Income Source: CTS Household Survey, 2003
Young Adults at High Risk Source: CTS Household Survey, 2003
A Major Problem for Hispanics Source: CTS Household Survey, 2003
Noncitizens More Likely to be Uninsured Source: CTS Household Surveys
Consequences of Being Uninsured • Reduced access -- more unmet medical needs • Higher ED use • More financial problems • Worse health outcomes
More Unmet Needs Source: CTS Household Survey, 2003
Greater Reliance on EDs Source: National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, 2001
More Financial Problems Source: CTS Household Survey, 2003