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Global Conveyor Belt

Global Conveyor Belt. Conveyor Belt Circulation. Diagnose conveyor belt pathways Mass, volume, heat & salt budgets (inverse analysis) Water mass analysis T, S, O 2 & Nuts provide water mass pathways NADW production Where, how & change over time Transient tracers

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Global Conveyor Belt

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  1. Global Conveyor Belt

  2. Conveyor Belt Circulation • Diagnose conveyor belt pathways • Mass, volume, heat & salt budgets (inverse analysis) • Water mass analysis • T, S, O2 & Nuts provide water mass pathways • NADW production • Where, how & change over time • Transient tracers • water mass pathways & age since ventilation

  3. Global Conveyor Belt

  4. Global Circulation

  5. Global Heat Transport

  6. Global Heat Transport

  7. Water Mass Analyses

  8. Water Mass Analyses

  9. Global Surface Water Masses

  10. Deep Water Masses

  11. Locations of Deep Water Production

  12. WOCE A16 Line

  13. Atlantic Circulation

  14. Atlantic Circulation

  15. Global Conveyor Belt

  16. Global Conveyor Belt AAIW Med NADW AABW

  17. Global Conveyor Belt

  18. Global Conveyor Belt

  19. Global Conveyor Belt

  20. Tracing Out AA Water Masses

  21. Following AAIW

  22. Atlantic Circulation

  23. North Atlantic Currents

  24. NADW Production

  25. Working in the Labrador Sea

  26. Global Conveyor Belt

  27. NADW Production

  28. NADW Simulation OGCM simulation of NADW dispersal 1/4o eddy permitting 300 year experiment Tracer is release in North Atlantic Followed in time

  29. 100 y NADW Simulation OGCM simulation of NADW dispersal Model tracer @ depth of max NADW outflow 300 y 1000 y

  30. Mankind to the rescue!!!

  31. Transient Tracers

  32. A22 CFC-12 Concentrations GS STMW AAIW Deep Caribbean NADW High CFC’s – recently ventilated waters Low CFC’s – old water

  33. Transient Tracers

  34. Pacific P16 CFC-12 AAIW Very Old Water AABW

  35. CFC’s as Transient Tracers • Mixing with ocean imprints ventilated waters w/ CFC levels • Provides a ventilation “age” for water mass • Atmospheric CFC’s are now dropping • Good for the O3 hole • Bad for tracer work…

  36. A22 CFC-12 Concentrations GS STMW AAIW Deep Caribbean NADW High CFC’s – recently ventilated waters Low CFC’s – old water

  37. Atlantic A22 CFC-12 Age STMW AAIW Deep Caribbean NADW Age calculations by Bill Smethie & Samar Khatiwala [LDEO]

  38. Transient Tracer Age Ocean & atmosphere CFC concentrations are used to determine a pCFC age Takes into account exchanges of CFC at sea surface Lots of assumptions… Labrador Sea Water age

  39. Transient Tracers OGCM simulation of atmos CFC dispersal 1/4o eddy permitting 120 year experiment Tracer is exchanged by sea surface Followed in time

  40. Anthropogenic CO2

  41. Anthropogenic CO2 CFCs & CO2 observations are used to estimate anthropogenic CO2 Globally 118 +/- 19 Pg C Nearly ½ of all fossil fuel CO2 are in oceans Sabine et al. [2005]

  42. Anthropogenic CO2

  43. Another Conveyor Belt

  44. Meridional Overturning Circulation Overturning circulation in Sverdrups

  45. Is Overturning Slowing?

  46. Is Overturning Slowing? NADW • Stronger southward transport in upper ocean • Decrease in NADW flow south

  47. Is Overturning Slowing?

  48. Global Conveyor Belt

  49. Conveyor Belt Circulation • Diagnose conveyor belt pathways • Mass, volume, heat & salt budgets (inverse analysis) • Water mass analysis • T, S, O2 & Nuts provide water mass pathways • NADW production • Where, how & change over time • Transient tracers • water mass pathways & age since ventilation

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